(A) For differentiation by GiWi, iPS cells were seeded onto Matrigel-coated plates and cultured to ~90% confluence in mTeSR1. The basal media was switched to RPMI/B27 at days 0–7, with addition of CHIR-99021 at days 0–1, and IWP-2 at days 3–5. Thereafter, the basal media was switched RPMI/B27/insulin. (B) For co-culture differentiation, GFP+ve iPS cells (AICS11 or AICS16) were similarly cultured to ~90% confluence in mTeSR1. At day 0, iCMs derived from non-labeled GiWi-differentiated iPS cells were dissociated and added to GFP+ve iPS cells. Cells are maintained in RPMI/B27 at days 0–7 (without GiWi), and subsequently in RPMI/B27/insulin. Black arrows indicate key steps, while gray arrows indicate the frequency of culture media replacement.