Table 5.1.
Promoters used for transgene expression in plants
| Promoter | Gene | Specificity | Reporter/inducer | Comment | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At:SAG12_Pl, P2 | sagl2, senescence-associated gene | transgenic Arabidopsis old leaves | mRNA, GUS activity/ auxin, cytokinin, sugar | Essential for senescence-specific regulation of sagl2 | Noh and Amasino (1999) |
| Ms:PEPC7_Pl, P2 | pepc7, pepe | transgenic alfalfa plants | GUS activity/Rhizobium | very high levels of GUS activity | Pathirana et al. (1997) |
| Nt:COMTII_Pl, P2, P3 | comtll | transgenic tobacco leaves | GUS activity/chitin, glucan, TMV, pectin, wounding, MeJa | two to seven-fold increase in GUS activity | Toquin et al. (2003) |
| Ib:BMYl_Pl, P2 | bmyl, amyb, beta-amy | transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/sucrose (10%) | 20–57-fold higher GUS activity | Maeo et al. (2001) |
| Dc:HCBT2_P1 P2,P3, P4 | hcbt2 | transgenic parsley protoplasts | GUS activity/elicitior | 3.7–5.5-fold higher GUS activity | Yang et al. (1998) |
| Le:E4_Pl, P2 | e4 | transgenic tomato plants | GUS activity/Ethylene | Increased 10–22-fold in unripe and 1,000-fold in ripened fruit | Montgomery et al. (1993a) |
| Zm:SBEl_Pl, P2 | sbel | transgenic maize suspension endosperm cells | LUC activity/sucrose (9%) | two-fold greater LUC activity | Kim and Guiltinan (1999) |
| Vf:GRP3_Pl,P2,P3 | grp3, glycine-rich early nodulin | transgenic Vicia hirsute (5 week-old) nodules | GUS activity/Rhizobium | Essential for full promoter activity | Kuster et al. (1995) |
| Nt:CHN48_Pl, P2 | chn48 | transgenic tobacco calli | LUC activity/elicitor | 10–40-fold higher activity | Yamamoto et al. (1999) |
| At:P5CSA_Pl, P2 | P5CSA_P1 | transgenic Arabidopsis plants | GUS activity/dehydration | five-fold increase in activity | Yoshiba et al. (1999) |
| Ib:SPOAl_Pl, P2 | spoal, gspo-al | transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/sucrose (3%) | tissue specific GUS staining | Ohta et al. (1991; |
| Pc:CMPGlb_Pl | cmpgl, elil7 | transgenic parsley suspension cells | GUS activity/elicitor | 44-fold higher activity | Kirsch et al. (2001) |
| Pc:PR2_Pl,P2 | pr2 | transgenic parsley protoplasts | GUS activity/elicitor | three- to eight-fold higher activity | van de Löcht et al. (1990) |
| Pc:PRl.l_Pl,P2, P3 | pr1.1 | transgenic parsley suspension cells | GUS activity/elicitor | 7.5–12.1-fold higher activity | Rushton et al. (1996) |
| Pc:PR1.2_Pl, P2 | prl.2 | transgenic parsley suspension cells | GUS activity/elicitor | 5.2–15.2-fold higher activity | Rushton et al. (1996) |
| Ps:PSL_Pl, P2, P3 | psl | transgenic tobacco seeds | GUS activity, protein | High level of expression | de Pater et al. (1996) |
| Lg:LHCB2_Pl, P2, P3, P4, P5 | lhcb2, cabAB19 | transgenic swollen duckweed seedlings | LUC activity/red light (2 min) | 2–14-fold higher activity | Kehoe et al. (1994) |
| Np:LHCB1.2_Pl,P2, P3, P4, P5 | lhcbl.2 | transgenic tobacco seedlings, transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings | GUS activity/far-red light (cont), red light (pulses 3 min) | Medium 8–20-fold higher expression level | Cerdan et al. (2000) |
| Os:AmylA_Pl, P2, P3, P4 | amylA | transgenic rice embryos | GUS activity/Glucose, gibberellin A3 | two- to six-fold lower expression with glucose, higher with gibberellin A3 | Morita et al. (1998) |
| Os:Amy3D_Pl | amy3D | transgenic rice embryos | GUS activity/glucose | six-fold lower Expression | Morita et al. (1998) |
| Zm:SHl_Pl | shl | transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/anaerobic conditions | High level of expression | Yang and Russell (1990) |
| At:CAB3_Pl, P2, P3, P4 | cab3 | transgenic tobacco shoots 3–4 week-old), suspension cells | CAT activity/white light | Medium to high level of expression | Mitra et al. (1989) |
| Pc:WRKYl_Pl, P2, P3 | wrkyl | transgenic parsley protoplasts | GUS activity/elicitor | 2–50-fold higher activity | Eulgem et al. (1999) |
| Hv:LOXA_Pl, P2, P3 | loxA | transgenic barley leaves | GUS activity/methyl jasmonate (MeJA) | 11.9–19.4-fold higher expression | Rouster et al. (1997) |
| Cr:CPR_Pl | crp | transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/elicitor | Essential for controlled expression | Cardoso et al. (1997) |
| Nt:BGLUCANASE_ P1,P2 | gln2, gglb50 | transgenic tobacco plants, transgenic tobacco plants (1 month-old) | GUS activity/tobacco mosaic virus, salicylic acid, ethephon (ethylene), water | 2–10-fold higher activity | van de Rhee et al. (1993), Livne et al. (1997) |
| Nt:PR2D_Pl, P2, P3 | pr2d | transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/tobacco mosaic virus, salicylic acid, water | 2–18-fold higher activity | Hennig et al. (1993) |
| Nt:PR2D_P2 | pr2b | transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/tobacco mosaic virus, salicylic acid, water | five- to nine-fold higher activity | van de Rhee et al. (1993) |
| Np:GNl_Pl | gul | transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/SA, ethylene, water, elicitor, wounding | 1.7–21-fold higher activity | Castresana et al. (1990) |
| At:CEL5_Pl | Atlg22880 | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings | GUS activity/auxin, ABA | Effective GUS staining activity | del Campillo et al. (2004) |
| As:PHYA3_Pl, P2 | phyA3 | transgenic etiolated rice seedlings (2 day-old) | CAT activity/far-red light | five-fold higher activity | Bruce and Quail (1990) |
| St:GLUB_Pl | gluB8-l-3 | transgenic potato plants, transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/pathogen, tobacco mosaic virus, elicitor | 2–12-fold higher activity | Mac et al. (2004) |
| Hv:GIII_Pl | GIII | transgenic rice plants, transgenic rice calli | GUS activity/salicylic acid | Fragment length dependent GUS activity | Li et al. (2005) |
| Nt:PRlA_Pl, P2 | prlA | transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/salicylic acid, tobacco mosaic virus | 58–110-fold higher activity | Strompen et al. (1998), Uknes et al. (1993) |
| At:CYP85Al_Pl | cyp85Al | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings | GUS activity/Brassinolide | weak activity | Castle et al. (2005) |
| At:APXl_Pl,P2,P3 | apxl | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings (2 week-old), (10 day-old) | GUS mRNA, GUS activity/ heat shock, methyl viologen, iron | Effective GUS staining | Storozhenko et al. (1998), Fourcroy et al (2004) |
| At:APX2_Pl | apx2 | transgenic Arabidopsis plants | LUC activity/hydrogen peroxide (H202), high light | ten-fold higher activity | Kimura et al. (2001) |
| At:APX2_P2 | apxlb | transgenic tobacco mesophyll protoplasts | GUS activity/Heat Stress transcription Factor (HsfA2) | ten-fold higher activity | Schramm et al. (2006) |
| At:ATHB6_Pl | athb6 | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings, transgenic Arabidopsis plants | GUS activity/drought, abscisic acid (ABA), salt | increased GUS staining with high level expression | Soderman et al. (1999) |
| At:CYP85A2_Pl | cyp85A2 | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings | GUS activity/bras sinolide | promoter activity down-regulated by brassinolide | Castle et al. (2005) |
| At:ELIP2_Pl | elip2 | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings (10—14 day-old) | LUC activity/high light | 100-fold increased expression | Kimura et al. (2001) |
| At:Ferl_Pl | ferl | transgenic Arabidopsis plants, transgenic Arabidopsis cells | GUS activity/iron, senescence | 17-fold derepression in response to 0.5 mM iron citrate | Tarantino et al. (2003) |
| At:Ferl_P2 | ferl | transgenic Arabidopsis cells | GUS activity/iron | six-fold higher activity in response to 0.5 mM iron citrate | Petit et al. (2001) |
| Ca:Chi2_Pl,P2,P3 | chi2 | transgenic tobacco | GUS activity/infection, mannitol, salt, NaCl, salicylic acid | 1.5–4.5-fold higher activity | Hong and Hwang (2006) |
| Gm:Fer_Pl, P2 | fer | transgenic soybean leaves | LUC activity, GUS activity/ iron | iron dependent GUS activity | Wei and Theil (2000) |
| Hv:BLT101.1_Pl, P2, P3 | bltlOl.l | transgenic barley | GUS activity/low temperature | 2.5-fold higher expression at low temperature | Brown et al. (2001) |
| Hv:BLT4.9_Pl,P2, P3 | blt4.9 | transgenic barley | GUS activity/low temperature | 2.5-6-fold higher expression at low temperature | Dunn et al. (1998) |
| POPLA:PALl_Pl | pall | transgenic tobacco | GUS activity | Differential Gus activity | Gray-Mitsumune et al. (1999) |
| POPLA:PAL2_Pl | pal2 | transgenic tobacco, transgenic poplar | GUS activity | Differential Gus activity | Gray-Mitsumune et al. (1999) |
| Ta:GERMIN_Pl | gf-2.8 | transgenic tobacco seedlings, transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/heavy metal, cadmium, copper, cobalt, wounding, TMV | Gus activity detected after induction | Berna and Benier F(1999) |
| Zm:Ferl_Pl | ferl | transgenic maize cells (BMS, Black Mexican Sweet) | GUS activity/iron | 2.5–8-fold increase in activity | Petit et al. (2001) |
| At:FPS2_Pl | fps2 | transgenic Arabidopsis plants, transgenic Arabidopsis protoplasts | GUS activity | Differential Gus activity | Cunillera et al. (2000) |
| At:PALl_Pl, P2 | pall | transgenic Arabidopsis plants (3 week-old), transgenic tobacco plants (6 leaf stage) | GUS activity, GUS mRNA, PAL mRNA/ wounding, HgC12, white light, elicitor, H2o2, mitomycin C (MMC) | 30% increase in GUS activity | Ohl et al. (1990) |
| At:PDF1.2_Pl | pdf 1.2 | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings (10 day-old), transgenic Arabidopsis plants (4 week-old), transgenic tobacco seedlings (2 week-old), (6 week-old) | GUS activity/jasmonic acid (JA), pathogen, elicitor, methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), paraquat, methyl viologen, rose bengal, TMV, ethylene | 9–25-fold higher activity | Manners et al. (1998) |
| At:RAD54_Pl | atrad54 | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings (1 week-old) | GUS mRNA/gamma irradiation | GUS activity detected after gamma irradiation | Osakabe et al. (2006) |
| At:THIl_Pl, P2 | thil | transgenic Arabidopsis plants (14 day-old) | GUS activity/white light, flooding, salt, sugar deprivation | two to six-fold higher activity | Ribeiro et al. (2005) |
| Gm:SCAM4_Pl | cam-4 | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings (2–4 day-old), transgenic Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts, transgenic Arabidopsis plants (4 week-old) | GUS mRNA, GUS activity/ salt, glycol chitin, Ca2+-ionophore A23187, elicitor, pathogen | 3–15-fold higher activity | Park et al. (2004) |
| Le:LAT52_Pl | lat52 | transgenic tobacco mature pollen | GUS activity, LUC activity | Essential for full promoter activity | Bate and Twell (1998) |
| Zm:GAPC4_Pl | gapc4, gpc4 | transgenic tobacco leaves | GUS activity/anaerobic conditions | seven-fold higher activity | Geffers et al. (2001) |
| Nt:SAR8.2B_Pl, P2, P3 | sar8.2b | transgenic Arabidopsis plants (3 week-old) | GUS activity/Salicylic acid | 4–31-fold higher GUS activity | Song et al. (2002) |
| Nt:PMTlA_Pl | pmtla | transgenic tobacco suspension cells | GUS activity/ (MeJA), ethephon | 10–15-fold higher activity | Xu and Timko (2004) |
| Nt:G10_Pl | g10, tobacco late pollen gene g10 | transgenic tobacco pollen and leaves | GUS activity | Essential for full promoter activity | Rogers et al. (2001) |
| Ps:DRR206D_Pl | drr206-d, pi206 | transgenic tobacco plants (6-laf stage) | GUS activity/Mitomycin C, actinomycin D, etoposide,H2O2, elicitor | Promoter only induced by natural tobacco Pathogen | Choi et al. (2001) |
| Nt:AP24_Pl, P2 | ap24 | transgenic tobacco seedlings, transgenic tobacco plants | GUS activity/ethylene, NaCl, absicisic acid | 2.5–13-fold higher Activity | Raghothama et al (1997) |
| At:OPRl_Pl | oprl | transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings (2-week old) | GUS activity/Methyl jasmonate (MeJ), senescence | 2–3.5-fold higher activity | He and Gan (2001) |
| Sc:OSML13_Pl Sc:OSML81_Pl | osmll3 osml81 | transgenic potato plants | GUS activity/ABA, NaCl, SA, wounding, fungal infection, cold | Differential GUS activity | Zhu et al. (1995) |
| Sc:CI21A_Pl, P2 | ci21A | transgenic potato plants | GUS activity/low temperature (cold) | 1.7–7-fold higher activity | Schneider et al. (1997) |