Table 5.4.
Summary of biomarkers proposed for population adjustment
| Biomarker | Description | Excreted in | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-HIAA | Metabolite of serotonin | Urine | [145] |
| Ammonium | Form of ammonia found in water | Urine | [146] |
| Androstenedione | Sex hormone precursor | Urine | [149] |
| Atenolol | Drug (beta blocker) used to treat hypertension | Urine | [140] |
| Cholesterol | Lipid molecule, key component of cell membranes | Feces | [143] |
| Coprostanol | Metabolite of cholesterol | Feces | [143] |
| Cortisol | Steroid hormone produced by adrenal glands | Urine | [150] |
| Cotinine | Metabolite of nicotine | Urine | [145] |
| Creatinine | Metabolite of creatine phosphate in muscle | Urine | [142] |
| Nicotine | Stimulant found in tobacco | Urine | [144] |
| Nutrients (N, P, BOD) | Water-quality parameters | n/a | [12] |