Table 8.3.
Stages of TB lymphadenopathy
| Stage | Description | Pathogenesis | Clinical features |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Discrete LNs | Nonspecific reactive hyperplasia; | Large, firm, and mobile LNs |
| 2 | Matted LNs | Periadenitis | Large and rubbery LNs, fixed to surrounding tissues |
| 3 | Cold abscess | Central softening and caseation deep to the deep fascia | Soft, smooth, nontender, fluctuant selling without involvement of the skin |
| 4 | Collar stud abscess | As a result of increased pressure caseous material perforates the deep fascia | Abscess is adherent to the overlying skin |
| 5 | Tuberculous sinus/ulcer | When the abscess bursts | Chronic nonhealing sinus or ulcer with thin, bluish, undermined edges and scanty watery discharge |