Table 9.4.

Differential diagnosis of fever ofunknown origin

Fever type	Differential diagnosis
Infectious	Viral: EBV, CMV, hepatitis, HIV, parvovirus B19
	Bacterial: tuberculosis, cat scratch, Brucella, Salmonella, meningococcemia
	Common: otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, UTI, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, meningitis
	Less common: malaria, Lyme disease, endocarditis
Rheumatologic	Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, SLE, dermatomyositis
Oncologic	Leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Autoimmune	Inflammatory bowel disease, macrophage activation syndrome
Drug related	Penicillin, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, acetaminophen
Other	Kawasaki disease, thyrotoxicosis, factitious fever

EBV Epstein-Barr virus, CMV cytomegalovirus, UTI urinary tract infection, SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus