Table 3b.
Associations of the modifiable lifestyle risk factors with age to first chronic disease among males (cause-specific Cox PH models)
| Characteristic | Comparison group | Reference group | Univariable model |
Multivariable models |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factors |
Risk factors & sociodemographic factors |
Risk factors, sociodemographic factors & health factors |
||||||||
| csHR (95% CI) | csHR (95% CI) | csHR (95% CI) | csHR (95% CI) | |||||||
| Alcohol consumption | Non-drinker | Light drinker | 1.36 | 1.27, 1.46 | 1.24 | 1.15, 1.32 | 1.17 | 1.09, 1.25 | 1.16 | 1.08, 1.24 |
| Moderate drinker | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.06 | 0.96 | 0.89, 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.91, 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.90, 1.05 | ||
| Heavy drinker | 1.17 | 1.06, 1.28 | 0.89 | 0.81, 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.80, 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.77, 0.94 | ||
| BMI | Underweight | Healthy weight | 1.90 | 1.45, 2.50 | 1.65 | 1.26, 2.17 | 1.58 | 1.20, 2.08 | 1.52 | 1.16, 2.00 |
| Overweight | 1.11 | 1.05, 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.12, 1.27 | 1.24 | 1.16, 1.32 | 1.19 | 1.12, 1.27 | ||
| Obese, class 1 | 1.75 | 1.63, 1.88 | 1.86 | 1.73, 2.00 | 1.97 | 1.83, 2.12 | 1.77 | 1.65, 1.91 | ||
| Obese, class 2 | 2.87 | 2.59, 3.18 | 2.86 | 2.58, 3.17 | 3.01 | 2.71, 3.34 | 2.50 | 2.25, 2.77 | ||
| Obese, class 3 | 4.13 | 3.55, 4.81 | 4.00 | 3.43, 4.67 | 4.26 | 3.65, 4.97 | 3.40 | 2.91, 3.98 | ||
| Unknown BMI | 1.40 | 1.23, 1.59 | 1.39 | 1.22, 1.58 | 1.46 | 1.28, 1.67 | 1.49 | 1.31, 1.69 | ||
| Cigarette smoking | Heavy smoker | Never smoked | 2.84 | 2.60, 3.09 | 2.76 | 2.52, 3.01 | 2.70 | 2.46, 2.97 | 2.61 | 2.37, 2.87 |
| Light smoker | 1.96 | 1.84, 2.09 | 1.99 | 1.87, 2.13 | 1.89 | 1.77, 2.02 | 1.87 | 1.74, 1.99 | ||
| Former heavy smoker | 1.35 | 1.25, 1.47 | 1.29 | 1.18, 1.40 | 1.31 | 1.21, 1.43 | 1.24 | 1.14, 1.35 | ||
| Former light smoker | 1.09 | 1.01, 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.03, 1.18 | 1.11 | 1.04, 1.19 | 1.07 | 1.00, 1.15 | ||
| Former smoker, amount unknown | 0.94 | 0.81, 1.08 | 0.97 | 0.84, 1.12 | 0.95 | 0.82, 1.10 | 0.92 | 0.80, 1.06 | ||
| Daily fruit and vegetable consumption | 0 to 3 times | 6 or more times | 1.37 | 1.27, 1.48 | 1.12 | 1.03, 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.03, 1.21 | 1.09 | 1.01, 1.18 |
| 3 to 6 times | 1.09 | 1.01, 1.18 | 1.05 | 0.97, 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.97, 1.13 | 1.03 | 0.96, 1.12 | ||
| Leisure physical activity | Moderately active | Active | 1.09 | 1.01, 1.17 | 1.05 | 0.97, 1.12 | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.12 | 1.01 | 0.94, 1.08 |
| Slightly active | 1.41 | 1.32, 1.50 | 1.21 | 1.14, 1.29 | 1.18 | 1.11, 1.26 | 1.12 | 1.05, 1.20 | ||
| No physical activity | 1.73 | 1.59, 1.88 | 1.41 | 1.29, 1.53 | 1.29 | 1.18, 1.41 | 1.22 | 1.12, 1.33 | ||
| Visible minority | White | 1.21 | 1.14, 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.21, 1.39 | 1.25 | 1.16, 1.35 | |||
| Immigrant | Canadian-born | 1.07 | 1.02, 1.12 | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.11 | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.10 | |||
| Rural residence | 0.97 | 0.90, 1.05 | 0.93 | 0.87, 1.01 | 0.94 | 0.87, 1.01 | ||||
| Education | Less than secondary school graduation | Secondary school graduation | 1.22 | 1.13, 1.32 | 1.03 | 0.95, 1.11 | 1.01 | 0.94, 1.10 | ||
| Post-secondary education (include partial) | 0.82 | 0.77, 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.88, 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.89, 1.01 | ||||
| Household income quintile | 1 (lowest) | 5 (highest) | 1.66 | 1.52, 1.82 | 1.22 | 1.11, 1.35 | 1.16 | 1.05, 1.28 | ||
| 2 | 1.33 | 1.22, 1.46 | 1.09 | 1.00, 1.19 | 1.03 | 0.94, 1.13 | ||||
| 3 | 1.34 | 1.25, 1.44 | 1.13 | 1.05, 1.22 | 1.10 | 1.02, 1.19 | ||||
| 4 | 1.20 | 1.12, 1.28 | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.10 | 1.03 | 0.96, 1.09 | ||||
| Unknown income | 1.34 | 1.22, 1.48 | 1.15 | 1.04, 1.27 | 1.12 | 1.02, 1.24 | ||||
| Marital status | Domestic partner (married/ common-law) | Single never married | 0.87 | 0.80, 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.87, 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.89, 1.04 | ||
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 1.17 | 1.06, 1.30 | 1.13 | 1.02, 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.02, 1.26 | ||||
| Household secondhand smoke | No household second-hand smoke | 1.57 | 1.46, 1.69 | 1.18 | 1.10, 1.28 | 1.17 | 1.09, 1.27 | |||
| Asthma | No asthma | 1.37 | 1.26, 1.49 | 1.35 | 1.24, 1.46 | |||||
| High blood pressure | No high blood pressure | 1.68 | 1.60, 1.78 | 1.46 | 1.38, 1.54 | |||||
| Self-rated health | Poor | Good | 1.43 | 1.22, 1.68 | 1.11 | 0.94, 1.31 | ||||
| Fair | 1.33 | 1.22, 1.46 | 1.11 | 1.02, 1.22 | ||||||
| Very good | 0.69 | 0.65, 0.73 | 0.83 | 0.78, 0.87 | ||||||
| Excellent | 0.49 | 0.45, 0.52 | 0.66 | 0.61, 0.71 | ||||||
| Life stress | Quite a bit/extremely stressful | Not at all stressful | 0.91 | 0.83, 0.99 | 0.88 | 0.80, 0.96 | ||||
| Not very stressful | 0.90 | 0.83, 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.85, 1.00 | ||||||
| A bit stressful | 0.95 | 0.88, 1.03 | 0.96 | 0.89, 1.04 | ||||||