Table 4b.
Associations of the modifiable lifestyle risk factors with age to first chronic disease among males, by chronic disease type (cause-specific cox PH models)
| Characteristic | Comparison group | Reference group | CHF |
COPD |
Diabetes |
Lung cancer |
MI |
Stroke including TIA |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| csHR (95% CI) | csHR (95% CI) | csHR (95% CI) | csHR (95% CI) | csHR (95% CI) | csHR (95% CI) | |||||||||
| Alcohol consumption | Non-drinker | Light drinker | 1.39 | 1.05, 1.84 | 1.10 | 0.96, 1.27 | 1.17 | 1.06, 1.29 | 1.10 | 0.67, 1.80 | 1.51 | 1.16, 1.95 | 0.84 | 0.66, 1.07 |
| Moderate drinker | 0.85 | 0.62, 1.16 | 1.01 | 0.88, 1.17 | 0.97 | 0.87, 1.08 | 1.00 | 0.59, 1.68 | 1.11 | 0.84, 1.46 | 0.80 | 0.62, 1.02 | ||
| Heavy drinker | 1.27 | 0.84, 1.92 | 0.89 | 0.74, 1.06 | 0.72 | 0.62, 0.84 | 1.10 | 0.59, 2.02 | 0.95 | 0.67, 1.36 | 1.01 | 0.72, 1.41 | ||
| BMI | Underweight | Healthy weight | 1.43 | 0.42, 4.82 | 1.71 | 1.15, 2.54 | 1.55 | 0.98, 2.46 | 1.96 | 0.59, 6.52 | 0.00 | 0.00, 99.99 | 1.32 | 0.43, 40.00 |
| Overweight | 1.01 | 0.79, 1.29 | 0.88 | 0.79, 0.97 | 1.83 | 1.64, 2.03 | 0.63 | 0.44, 0.91 | 1.08 | 0.87, 1.33 | 0.92 | 0.75, 1.14 | ||
| Obese, class 1 | 1.46 | 1.08, 1.98 | 0.85 | 0.73, 0.98 | 3.68 | 3.28, 4.12 | 0.55 | 0.32, 0.96 | 1.40 | 1.08, 1.81 | 0.77 | 0.57, 1.03 | ||
| Obese, class 2 | 2.08 | 1.31, 3.31 | 0.81 | 0.62, 1.05 | 6.03 | 5.22, 6.97 | 0.54 | 0.18, 1.62 | 1.18 | 0.75, 1.86 | 1.44 | 0.94, 2.20 | ||
| Obese, class 3 | 1.78 | 0.73, 4.33 | 0.76 | 0.47, 1.25 | 8.95 | 7.4, 10.82 | 0.49 | 0.05, 5.05 | 1.30 | 0.57, 2.97 | 1.24 | 0.54, 2.87 | ||
| Unknown BMI | 1.39 | 0.99, 1.96 | 1.08 | 0.84, 1.38 | 2.16 | 1.71, 2.73 | 0.73 | 0.34, 1.54 | 1.17 | 0.75, 1.81 | 1.12 | 0.78, 1.60 | ||
| Cigarette smoking | Heavy smoker | Never smoked | 0.99 | 0.57, 1.72 | 7.99 | 6.75, 9.46 | 1.09 | 0.92, 1.30 | 38.60 | 18.7, 79.7 | 5.29 | 3.84, 7.28 | 1.27 | 0.84, 1.93 |
| Light smoker | 1.16 | 0.84, 1.59 | 5.52 | 4.81, 6.33 | 1.01 | 0.91, 1.12 | 15.40 | 7.88, 29.9 | 3.37 | 2.63, 4.31 | 1.03 | 0.79, 1.35 | ||
| Former heavy smoker | 1.12 | 0.83, 1.50 | 1.91 | 1.58, 2.31 | 1.09 | 0.97, 1.23 | 7.41 | 3.57, 15.4 | 1.44 | 1.06, 1.96 | 1.02 | 0.78, 1.33 | ||
| Former light smoker | 0.96 | 0.75, 1.23 | 1.62 | 1.38, 1.91 | 0.95 | 0.86, 1.04 | 4.01 | 1.96, 8.22 | 1.75 | 1.37, 2.23 | 0.69 | 0.54, 0.88 | ||
| Former smoker, amount unknown | 1.04 | 0.65, 1.65 | 0.90 | 0.61, 1.32 | 1.01 | 0.84, 1.21 | 2.59 | 0.73, 9.15 | 0.80 | 0.43, 1.49 | 0.74 | 0.46, 1.20 | ||
| Daily fruit and vegetable consumption | 0 to 3 times | 6 or more times | 1.02 | 0.75, 1.39 | 1.12 | 0.95, 1.32 | 1.13 | 1.01, 1.27 | 1.16 | 0.64, 2.09 | 1.03 | 0.78, 1.36 | 0.87 | 0.66, 1.14 |
| 3 to 6 times | 0.98 | 0.74, 1.30 | 1.09 | 0.93, 1.28 | 1.04 | 0.93, 1.15 | 1.16 | 0.65, 2.06 | 1.00 | 0.77, 1.30 | 1.00 | 0.78, 1.28 | ||
| Leisure physical activity | Moderately active | Active | 0.75 | 0.57, 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.77, 1.03 | 1.06 | 0.95, 1.17 | 1.81 | 1.06, 3.08 | 1.28 | 1/00, 1.62 | 0.88 | 0.69, 1.11 |
| Slightly active | 0.91 | 0.71, 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.06, 1.36 | 1.16 | 1.05, 1.27 | 1.70 | 1.03, 2.83 | 0.98 | 0.77, 1.24 | 0.90 | 0.72, 1.12 | ||
| No physical activity | 1.11 | 0.79, 1.58 | 1.31 | 1.11, 1.54 | 1.18 | 1.03, 1.35 | 1.81 | 0.96, 3.41 | 1.32 | 0.96, 1.80 | 1.02 | 0.73, 1.43 | ||
Models have also been adjusted for: ethnicity, immigrant status, rural residence, education level, income, marital status, self-rated health, life stress, asthma and high blood pressure.