Table 1.
Main Characteristics of Patients in Cohort 1 (Patients Presenting outside of the ICU with Suspected Infection but without Organ Dysfunction or Sepsis), Both for All Patients and for Survivors Compared with Nonsurvivors
| Variable | All Patients (n = 5,460) | Survivors (n = 4,694) | Nonsurvivors (n = 766) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of institution | <0.0001 | |||
| Public | 235 (4.3) | 154 (3.3) | 81 (10.6) | |
| Private | 5,225 (95.7) | 4,540 (96.7) | 685 (89.4) | |
| Age, yr | 64 (41–80) | 61 (38–78) | 77 (64–85) | <0.0001 |
| Sex, M | 2,519 (46.1) | 2,137 (45.5) | 382 (49.9) | 0.03 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cancer | 711 (13.0) | 543 (11.6) | 168 (21.9) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 1,368 (25.1) | 1,129 (24.1) | 239 (31.2) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic heart failure | 557 (10.2) | 435 (9.3) | 122 (15.9) | <0.0001 |
| COPD | 456 (8.4) | 375 (8.0) | 81 (10.6) | 0.02 |
| Chronic renal failure | 464 (8.5) | 342 (7.3) | 122 (15.9) | <0.0001 |
| Arterial hypertension | 2,522 (46.2) | 2,079 (44.3) | 443 (46.2) | <0.0001 |
| Immunosuppression | 860 (15.8) | 730 (15.6) | 130 (17.0) | 0.32 |
| SAPS 3 score, points | 54 (43–64) | 51 (40–60) | 67 (56–80) | <0.0001 |
| Source of infection | <0.0001 | |||
| Lung | 2,218 (40.6) | 1,775 (37.8) | 443 (57.8) | |
| UTI | 1,234 (22.6) | 1,128 (24.0) | 106 (13.8) | |
| Abdominal | 750 (13.7) | 662 (14.1) | 88 (11.5) | |
| Others | 1,258 (23.0) | 1,129 (24.1) | 129 (16.8) | |
| Type of infection | <0.0001 | |||
| Community acquired | 4,181 (76.6) | 3,638 (77.5) | 465 (60.7) | |
| Health care–associated* | 1,279 (23.4) | 1,056 (22.5) | 301 (39.3) | |
| Severity of illness | <0.0001 | |||
| Infection without organ dysfunction | 2,477 (45.4) | 2,400 (51.1) | 77 (12.1) | |
| Sepsis | 2,427 (44.5) | 2,023 (43.1) | 404 (52.7) | |
| Septic shock | 556 (10.2) | 271 (5.8) | 285 (37.2) | |
| Location at sepsis presentation | <0.0001 | |||
| ED | 4,355 (79.8) | 3,820 (81.4) | 535 (69.8) | |
| Wards | 1,105 (20.2) | 874 (18.6) | 231 (30.2) | |
| ICU admission in 24 h† | ||||
| From ED | 1,789 (41.1) | 1,407 (36.8) | 382 (71.4) | <0.0001 |
| From wards | 362 (32.8) | 215 (24.6) | 147 (63.6) | <0.0001 |
| Time to sepsis diagnosis, h | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0.4 (0.1–0.8) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | 0.004 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 589 (10.8) | 227 (4.8) | 362 (47.3) | <0.0001 |
| ICU length of stay, d | 4.4 (2.1–9.3) | 3.9 (2.0–7.3) | 8.1 (2.7–19.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hospital length of stay‡, d | 5.9 (2.0–12.0) | 5.5 (1.8–10.8) | 9.7 (3.1–22.3) | <0.0001 |
Definition of abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED = emergency department; SAPS = Simplified Acute Physiologic Score; UTI = urinary tract infection.
Data are expressed as n (%) or median (interquartile range). Percentages are column percentages when given for the entire population and row percentages when given for the population categorized by hospital outcomes.
Healthcare-associated infections include those infections acquired by out-clinic, hospice, and home care patients, as well as those not present at hospital admission and started after 48 hours of hospital stay.
Percentages for survivors and nonsurvivors calculated for the total number of ED patients (n = 4,355) or ward patients (n = 1,105).
Hospital length of stay calculated from the diagnosis of sepsis until hospital discharge.