Table 1:
Sample characteristics and outcome assessment descriptive statistics.
| ASD | Non-TD | HR-TD | LR-TD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample characteristics | ||||
| Sample size | 19 | 24 | 54 | 58 |
| Sex (% male) | 79.0% | 70.8% | 55.6% | 58.6% |
| Recruitment age in months | 2.71 (3.6) | 2.88 (3.6) | 2.73 (4.3) | 4.66 (2.8) |
| Race (% non-white) | 23.5% | 40.9% | 38.5% | 33.9% |
| Household income (% ≥ $100k) | 18.8% | 39.1% | 51.0% | 38.2% |
| Maternal education (% college degree or higher) | 64.7% | 63.6% | 68.0% | 80.4% |
| Maternal age at birth in years | 34.1 (5.3) | 35.1 (3.9) | 35.4 (4.9) | 32.2 (5.5) |
| Paternal age at birth in years | 36.6 (6.8) | 39.0 (6.7) | 37.4 (5.3) | 34.1 (5.0) |
| MSEL age equivalents | ||||
| Fine motor | 29.6 (7.1) | 31.7 (8.6) | 36.1 (4.6) | 34.6 (4.1) |
| Visual reception | 30.9 (10.9) | 37.1 (11.5) | 43.1 (7.0) | 43.9 (6.3) |
| Expressive language | 25.9 (8.1) | 31.1 (7.4) | 36.8 (4.9) | 38.6 (4.4) |
| Receptive language | 24.3 (9.4) | 32.3 (7.5) | 34.9 (5.3) | 37.8 (5.5) |
| ADOS-2 severity scores | ||||
| Total severity | 6.9 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.3) | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.4) |
| Social/affect severity | 6.4 (1.8) | 3.2 (1.7) | 1.9 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.7) |
| Repetitive behavior severity | 7.9 (1.7) | 4.6 (2.4) | 3.1 (2.3) | 2.2 (2.0) |
Note: Standard deviations are in parentheses
ASD = autism spectrum disorder; Non-TD = Non-Typical Development; HR-TD = high-risk typically developing; LR-TD = low-risk typically developing; MSEL = Mullen Scales of Early Learning; ADOS-2 = Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition