Box 3.

Overview of all components of the baseline examination high lightening novel and established clinical practice: the Hamburg City Health Study

Components of the baseline examination	Variables
Novelty
2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography	Complete screening of aortic-, mitral- and tricuspid-valve. 4D-echocardiography of every participant of the whole left and right heart. Measurement of ventricular and atrial strain.
Lung function	Performance of a broad/comprehensive screening by bodyplethysmography.
Ophthalmological examination	Assessment of the objective refraction and subjective visual acuity, imaging of the macular and papillary retinal layers including intravasal flow visualization using swept source optical coherence tomography.
Oral examination	Scaling of periodontitis severity according to the CDC-AAP criteria and whole mouth examination with assessment of caries (DMFT index) and tooth status.
Ultrasound of the abdominal aorta	Evaluation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta by using the b-mode and continuous-wave-Doppler-mode ultrasound to measure the diameter at the maximum, the outer-to-outer-method is used. Maximum flow-velocity is measured in the infrarenal aorta.
Ultrasounds of the peripheral arteries	B-mode and continuous-wave-Doppler-mode is used to evaluate flow-velocity and plaque burden of the common femoral, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries.
Established clinical practice
2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography	Volumes and function of all four heart chambers by 2D and 3D echocardiography; left ventricular diastolic function; left ventricular mass.
Ankle-brachial index (ABI) [7, 8]	Manually measurement (Doppler ultrasound) of systolic blood pressures at the posterior tibial, the anterior tibial, and the brachial arteries.
Anthropometry	Assessment of Weight, height and measurement of waist and hip circumferences.
Blood pressure measurement	Measurement after 5 min rest and 3 determination sitting and lying.
Cognitive function	Screening for impairment of cognitive function: Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT); test of cognitive function: verbal fluency, semantic and vocabulary memory, visual attention and task switching, response inhibition, visuospatial abilities, cognitive processing speed, executive function.
Electrocardiography	Assessment with a standard digital 12-lead ECG and 2-min rhythm strip.
Lung function	Assessment of spirometry.
Muscle status and coordination	Assessment of hand-grip strength, Timed-up and go Test, Chair–Rising Test, Tandem Test.
Oral examination	Assessment of tooth status (DMFT index), pocket probing depths (periodontitis), bleeding on probing (gingivitis), dental plaque, condition of hard and soft tissues, assessment of craniomandibular dysfunctions, saliva and sulcus fluid sampling, oral hygiene behavior and oral health literacy.
Physical activity [9–11]	Objective measure of physical activity with Actigraph.
Standardized neurological examination	Assessment of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Ultrasound of the carotid artery	B-mode and continuous-wave-Doppler-mode is used to evaluate flow-velocity and plaque burden of the carotid artery.
Ultrasound of the peripheral venous system	The b-mode is used for venous compression ultrasound at the femoral and popliteal vene.