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. 2020 Apr 3;10:5938. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62751-z

Table 3.

Risk factors associated with treatment success and failure among patients with Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection.

Success Failure p-valuea OR for failure (95% CI)b
Age, years, median (range) 72.5 (48–91) 75 (39–92) 0.39
Age ≥ 80 22.0% (11/50) 36.7% (18/49) 0.11 1.96 (0.74–5.17)
Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) 35.4% (17/48) 22.4% (11/49) 0.15
Sex (female) 52.0% (26/50) 49.0% (24/49) 0.76
Hemoglobin, g/L, median (range) 124.5 (82–153) 123.0 (83–166) 0.54
ASA ≥ 3 36.0% (18/50) 63.2% (31/49) 0.007 3.61 (1.45–9.01)
Active smoking 10.0% (5/50) 10.2% (5/49) 1.00
COPD 8.0% (4/50) 10.2% (5/49) 0.74
Autoimmune diseasec 10.0% (5/50) 22.4% (11/49) 0.02 5.58 (1.37–22.65)
Diabetes 6.0% (3/50) 16.3% (8/49) 0.12
Immunosuppression 10.0% (5/50) 16.3% (8/49) 0.39
Drug abuse 0.0% (0/50) 6.1% (3/49) 0.12
Malignancy 0.0% (0/50) 4.1% (2/49) 0.24
Prior surgery 22.0% (11/50) 32.7% 16/49) 0.23
Localization
Hip 68.0% (34/50) 69.4% (34/49) 0.88
Knee 32.0% (16/50) 30.6% (15/49)
Indication for surgeryd
Osteoarthritis 72.0% (36/50) 56.5% (26/46) 0.11 Reference
Rheumatoid arthritis 4.0% (2/50) 4.3% (2/46) 0.93 1.47 (0.18–11.11)
Aseptic loosening 4.0% (2/50) 0% (0/49) 0.27 *
Fracture 16.0% (8/50) 21.7% (10/46) 0.47 1.72 (0.55–5.26)
Type of implant
Cemented 94.0% (47/50) 93.9% (46/49) 0.98
Uncemented 6.0% (3/50) 6.1% (3/49)
Type of surgery
Primary 84.0% (42/50) 79.6% (39/49) 0.57
Revision 16.0% (8/50) 20.4% (10/49)
Classification
Early 78.0% (39/50) 36.7% (18/49) 0.001 0.02 (0.00–0.19)
Chronic 0.0% (0/50) 34.7% (17/49) 0.001 Reference
Late acute 22.0% (11/50) 28.6% (14/49) 0.45 0.07 (0.01–0.63)
Positive blood culture
No 48.0% (24/50) 40.8% (20/49) 0.47
Yes 36.0% (18/50) 32.7% (16/49) 0.73
Yes (>4 weeks before infection) 0.0% (0/50) 12.2% (6/49) 0.12
No sample 16.0% (8/50) 14.3% (7/49) 0.812
Symptoms at diagnosis
Wound secretion 70.0% (35/50) 49.0% (24/49) 0.03 0.40 (0.18–0.93)
Pain 32.0% (16/50) 87.8% (43/49) 0.02 3.89 (1.32–11.45)
Fever 56.0% (28/50) 49.0% (24/49) 0.48
Redness 66.0% (33/50) 55.1% (27/49) 0.31
Sinus tract 14.0% (7/50) 22.4% (11/38) 0.31
C-reactive protein, high (>150 mg/L) 50.0% (25/50) 46.9% (23/49) 0.84
Blood, leukocyte cell count (>15 × 109/L) 20.9% (9/43) 29.5% (14/44) 0.26
Change of mobile components 70.0% (35/50) 65.3% (32/49) 0.69
>1 DAIR 10.0% (5/50) 12.2% (6/49) 0.72
Biofilm-active treatment 90.0%(45/50) 33.8% (23/49) 0.001 0.09 (0.03–0.28)
Guideline-compliant treatment + 84.0%(42/50) 73.9% (34/46) 0.22
Polymicrobial PJI 38.0% (19/50) 8.2% (4/49) 0.001 0.13 (0.04–0.44)
S. aureus antibiotic resistance 0.0% (0/50) 18.3% (9/49) 0.001

aχ2-test, Fisher’s exact test, or Mann–Whitney U test.

bCovariates with possible associations (p < 0.12) were entered into logistic regression model with adjustments for sex and age. Odds ratios with p-values <0.05 are in bold.

cRheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis.

dTen patients had other indications.

*Too few patients to perform a valid statistical analysis.

+Three patients who died before oral treatment stopped were excluded.