Fig. 5. Phylogeny and functional verification of LcuTPSs.

a Phylogeny of TPSs. Putative full-length TPS proteins (>200 amino acids in length) identified in L. cubeba (Supplementary Table 32) and 10 other sequenced plant genomes (Supplementary Table 33) were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. TPS subfamilies are shown along the circumference of the circle. b Transient overexpression of LcuTPSs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. After infiltration, the plants were grown for 2 days and the presence or concentration of the monoterpenes was detected using GC-MS analysis. Data represent the mean ± SDs of three biological replicates. c Identification of enzymatic products after incubating recombinant LcuTPSs proteins with geranyl diphosphate. The recombined enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli was purified by Ni²⁺ affinity. The volatile terpenes were further analyzed by GC-MS analysis comparison with authentic standards (Supplementary Fig. 18). Source data underling a, b are provided as a Source Data file.