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. 2020 Apr 3;10:5859. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62755-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative morphological changes in the control group (a,e) or the Si-based agent (0.1wt.%: b,f, 0.5wt.%: c,g, 1.0wt.%: d,h) groups, respectively. Scale bar: 100 µm. The dilations of glomeruli and the increase of mesangial matrix (arrowhead) are examined. The diameters of glomeruli were assessed using a color image analyzer and compared among each group (i). Mesangial matrix levels were assessed according to previously described method scored from 0 to 4 with α-SMA staining: 0, no mesangial matrix expansion; 1, minor; 2, weak; 3, moderate; and 4. The scores were averaged and compared among each group (j). (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05).