Table 7.
Summary of human genetic factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
| Potential risk factor | References |
|---|---|
|
Angiogenesis: | |
| VEGF |
[S32,S33] |
|
Apoptosis |
|
| FAS/FAS-L |
[S34-S36] |
|
Red blood cell antigens |
[61] [S37-S40] |
|
Cell cycle, growth and differentiation: | |
| CCND1 |
[S41,S42] |
| EGF, EGFR |
[S43] |
| MDM2 |
[S44-S46] |
| TP53 |
[S45,S47-S51] |
|
Cellular adhesion: | |
| CD44 |
[S52] |
| CDH1 |
[S53] |
| MMP |
[S54,S55] |
|
Cellular chaperones: | |
| HSP-70 |
[S56] |
|
Cytokines and chemokines: | |
| IFN-A |
[S48] |
| IFN-G |
[S57,S58] |
| IFN-GR1 |
[S59] |
| IL-1A/B |
[S59-S61] |
| IL-1RN |
[S59,S62] |
| IL-2 |
[S63] |
| IL-4RA |
[S59] |
| IL-8 |
[S58,S64,S65] |
| IL-10 |
[S57,S59,S66-68] |
| IL-12 |
[S69,S70] |
| IL-16 |
[S71] |
| IL-18 |
[S66,S72,S73] |
| IL-27 |
[S70] |
| TGFB |
[S74,S75] |
| TNFA |
[S56,S76,S77] |
|
DNA damage and repair: | |
| General |
[S78,S79] |
| BPIFA1 |
[S80] |
| ERCC1 |
[S81] |
| ERCC2 |
[S82] |
| hOGG1 |
[S83] |
| NBS1 |
[S84] |
| XPC |
[S85] |
| XRCC1 |
[S82,S83,S86,S87] |
| XRCC3 |
[S82,S88] |
|
HLA and associated genes: | |
| HCGA9 |
[S59] |
| HLA region/type |
[S38,S40,S89-S115] |
| HLA-A |
[S59,S116-S118] |
| HLA-DQ |
[S119,S120] |
| HLA-DR |
[S120] |
| HLA-E |
[S121-S123] |
| HLA-G |
[S124] |
| MICA |
[S125,S126] |
| TAP1 |
[S127,S128] |
|
Inflammation: | |
| COX-2 |
[S129] |
| MAPKAPK2 |
[S130] |
|
Metabolism: | |
| CYP1A1 |
[S1,S131] |
| CYP2A6 |
[S1] |
| CYP2E1 |
[89] [S1,S132-S137] |
| GSTM1 |
[S1,S131,S138-S147] |
| GSTP1 |
[S131,S133,S144] |
| GSTT1 |
[S1,S131,S138,S140-S142,S144,S147] |
| MPO |
[S133] |
| MTHFR |
[S148] |
| NAT2 |
[S131,S138] |
| NQO1 |
[S133] |
|
MicroRNAs: | |
| MIR34 |
[S149] |
| Multiple |
[S150] |
|
Other immune-related: |
|
| CR2 |
[S151-S153] |
| CTLA4 |
[S154] |
| DC SIGN |
[S155] |
| IGK |
[S156] |
| KIR |
[S90,S96,S157] |
| PIGR |
[S152,S158,S159] |
| TLR3 |
[S160] |
| TLR4 |
[S161] |
| TLR10 |
[S162] |
|
Other: | |
| ACE |
[S163] |
| BPIFA1 (PLUNC) |
[S164] |
| CAV-1 |
[S165] |
| DLC-1 |
[S166] |
| IKB |
[S167] |
| MAP2K4 |
[S168] |
| N4BP2 |
[S169] |
| NFKB |
[S167,S170] |
| VDR |
[S171] |
| Genome wide-association study/other screening approaches | [57,68,72] [S142,S172-S182] |
*References marked with letter S are available in the Online Supplementary Document.