Table 4.
Descriptive data for female participants
| Baseline |
Endline |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Intervention |
Control |
Intervention |
Control |
|||||||
|
Variables |
N |
% or mean |
N |
% or mean |
P-value |
N |
% or mean |
N |
% or mean |
P-value |
| Age (years): | ||||||||||
| ≤25 |
115 |
16.5% |
102 |
14.6% |
0.2 |
124 |
17.7% |
109 |
15.6% |
0.3 |
| 26-30 |
181 |
25.9% |
169 |
24.1% |
166 |
23.7% |
173 |
24.7% |
||
| 31-35 |
180 |
25.8% |
167 |
23.9% |
191 |
27.3% |
172 |
24.6% |
||
| 36-40 |
121 |
17.3% |
140 |
20.0% |
135 |
19.3% |
155 |
22.1% |
||
| ≥41 |
102 |
14.6% |
122 |
17.4% |
84 |
12.0% |
91 |
13.0% |
||
| Education: | ||||||||||
| None |
102 |
15.0% |
138 |
20.1% |
0.2 |
128 |
18.0% |
129 |
18.5% |
0.7 |
| Primary |
461 |
66.0% |
450 |
64.0% |
451 |
64.4% |
429 |
61.4% |
||
| Secondary or above |
135 |
19.0% |
112 |
16.0% |
121 |
17.3% |
141 |
20.2% |
||
| Marital status: | ||||||||||
| Married |
424 |
61.0% |
404 |
58.0% |
0.6 |
391 |
55.9% |
363 |
51.9% |
0.4 |
| Living as if married |
274 |
39.0% |
296 |
42.0% |
309 |
44.1% |
337 |
48.1% |
||
| Polygamy: | ||||||||||
| Yes |
62 |
9.0% |
80 |
11.0% |
0.3 |
81 |
12.0% |
66 |
9.4% |
0.6 |
| No |
514 |
74.0% |
534 |
76.0% |
423 |
60.4% |
468 |
66.9% |
||
| Do not know |
123 |
18.0% |
86 |
12.0% |
196 |
28.0% |
166 |
23.7% |
||
| Children: | ||||||||||
| None |
39 |
5.6% |
37 |
5.3% |
0.5 |
45 |
6.4% |
47 |
6.7% |
0.5 |
| One |
100 |
14.3% |
98 |
14.0% |
130 |
18.6% |
115 |
16.4% |
||
| Two |
164 |
23.5% |
157 |
22.4% |
161 |
23.0% |
155 |
22.1% |
||
| Three |
163 |
23.3% |
157 |
22.4% |
149 |
21.3% |
153 |
21.9% |
||
| Four or more |
233 |
33.3% |
251 |
35.9% |
214 |
30.6% |
230 |
32.9% |
||
| Income: | ||||||||||
| No cash |
265 |
37.9% |
242 |
34.6% |
0.1 |
359 |
51.3% |
323 |
46.0% |
0.5 |
| <RWF5000 |
262 |
37.5% |
248 |
35.4% |
204 |
29.1% |
239 |
34.2% |
||
| RWF5001-10 000 |
97 |
13.9% |
110 |
15.7% |
77 |
11.0% |
83 |
11.9% |
||
| >RWF10 000 |
75 |
10.7% |
100 |
14.3% |
60 |
8.6% |
54 |
7.7% |
||
| Debt in previous month: | ||||||||||
| No debt |
134 |
19.2% |
133 |
19.0% |
0.5 |
136 |
19.4% |
133 |
19.0% |
0.3 |
| <RWF1000-2000 |
122 |
17.5% |
118 |
16.9% |
190 |
27.1% |
206 |
29.4% |
||
| RWF2001-10 000 |
191 |
27.4% |
167 |
23.9% |
151 |
21.6% |
164 |
23.4% |
||
| >RWF10 000 |
251 |
36.0% |
282 |
40.3% |
223 |
31.9% |
197 |
28.1% |
||
| Land ownership: | ||||||||||
| Own land |
149 |
21.3% |
192 |
27.4% |
0.4 |
161 |
23.0% |
165 |
23.6% |
0.3 |
| Rent land |
239 |
34.2% |
194 |
27.7% |
239 |
34.1% |
247 |
35.3% |
||
| Own and rent |
245 |
35.1% |
250 |
35.7% |
188 |
26.9% |
196 |
28.0% |
||
| Do not own or rent |
66 |
9.4% |
64 |
9.1% |
112 |
16.0% |
92 |
13.1% |
||
| Home ownership |
595 |
85.1% |
597 |
85.4% |
0.9 |
589 |
84.0% |
567 |
81.0% |
0.3 |
| Asset ownership: | ||||||||||
| Radio |
397 |
57.0% |
336 |
48.0% |
0.1 |
338 |
48.0% |
303 |
43.0% |
0.4 |
| Electricity |
158 |
23.0% |
96 |
14.0% |
0.2 |
227 |
32.0% |
174 |
25.0% |
0.2 |
| Bicycle |
167 |
24.0% |
183 |
26.0% |
0.7 |
171 |
24.0% |
175 |
25.0% |
0.9 |
| Cellphone |
504 |
72.0% |
456 |
65.0% |
0.1 |
483 |
69.0% |
457 |
65.0% |
0.3 |
| Weighted asset score |
7.1 |
6.9 |
0.3 |
7.2 |
7.4 |
0.3 |
||||
| Earning disparity: | ||||||||||
| About same |
69 |
6.7% |
96 |
5.4% |
1.0 |
64 |
9.2% |
87 |
12.4% |
0.5 |
| All work together |
327 |
36.5% |
324 |
34.4% |
239 |
34.2% |
281 |
40.1% |
||
| Husband more |
47 |
47.0% |
38 |
46.0% |
300 |
43.0% |
283 |
40.4% |
||
| Wife more |
255 |
9.9% |
240 |
13.8% |
95 |
13.6% |
49 |
7.0% |
||
| Hunger score |
4.9 |
4.9 |
0.8 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
0.6 |
||||
| Alcohol use: | ||||||||||
| Seen male partner drunk |
354 |
68.0% |
358 |
71.0% |
0.6 |
386 |
75.0% |
339 |
69.0% |
0.3 |
| Woman’s alcohol use: | ||||||||||
| None |
548 |
78.4% |
570 |
81.4% |
0.4 |
616 |
88.0% |
610 |
87.1% |
0.7 |
| Any |
101 |
14.5% |
91 |
13.0% |
55 |
7.9% |
57 |
8.1% |
||
| Alcohol problem/issue |
50 |
7.2% |
39 |
5.6% |
29 |
4.1% |
33 |
4.7% |
||
| VSLA membership: | ||||||||||
| I belong |
230 |
33.0% |
214 |
31.0% |
0.4 |
254 |
36.3% |
203 |
29.0% |
0.1 |
| Spouse belongs |
119 |
17.0% |
104 |
15.0% |
108 |
15.4% |
125 |
17.9% |
||
| Both |
199 |
29.0% |
221 |
32.0% |
185 |
26.4% |
181 |
25.9% |
||
| None |
150 |
21.0% |
161 |
23.0% |
153 |
21.9% |
191 |
27.3% |
||
| Previous experience of IPV: | ||||||||||
| Physical |
25 |
27.0% |
23 |
20.0% |
0.3 |
37 |
40.0% |
27 |
30.0% |
0.1 |
| Sexual |
56 |
8.0% |
52 |
7.0% |
0.8 |
39 |
41.0% |
21 |
22.0% |
0.0 |
| Forced first sexual experience | 180 | 26.0% | 173 | 25.0% | 0.7 | 197 | 28.0% | 173 | 25.0% | 0.3 |
CI – confidence interval, VSLA – village savings and loan associations, IPV – intimate partner violence