Figure 3.

Phylogenetic Tree of Known Animal and Human Coronaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome sequences of coronaviruses publicly available in GenBank was performed using RAxML, with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Lines with different colors represent different coronavirus species, Alpha-coronaviruses (blue lines), Beta-coronaviruses (red lines for Beta-coronavirus C, and black lines for Beta-coronavirus A, B, and D), Gamma-coronaviruses (green lines), and Delta-coronaviruses (purple lines). Human isolates are highlighted with different colors, whereas strains from other hosts are shown in black. Numbers at the branches represent bootstrap values obtained in the phylogenetic analysis.