Table 1.
Comparison among different species of the ACE2 residues interfacing with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor-binding domain (RBD)a
| Position Species |
24 | 27 | 31 | 34 | 37 | 38 | 41 | 42 | 45 | 79 | 82 | 83 | 90 | 325 | 329 | 330 | 353 | 354 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Q | T | K | H | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | M | Y | N | Q | E | N | K | G |
| African green monkey | Q | T | K | H | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | M | Y | N | Q | E | N | K | G |
| Macaque | Q | T | K | H | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | M | Y | N | Q | E | N | K | G |
| Marmoset | Q | T | K | H | E | D | H | E | L | L | T | Y | N | Q | E | N | K | Q |
| Hamster | Q | T | K | Q | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | N | Y | N | Q | E | N | K | G |
| Cat | L | T | K | H | E | E | Y | Q | L | L | T | Y | N | Q | E | N | K | G |
| Civet | L | T | T | Y | Q | E | Y | Q | V | L | T | Y | D | Q | E | N | K | G |
| Raccoon | L | T | N | N | E | E | Y | Q | L | Q | T | Y | D | Q | E | N | K | G |
| Ferret | L | T | K | Y | E | E | Y | Q | L | H | T | Y | D | E | Q | N | K | R |
| Mouse | N | T | N | Q | E | D | Y | Q | L | T | S | F | T | Q | A | N | H | G |
| Bat (R. sinicus) | R | T | E | S | E | N | Y | Q | L | L | N | Y | N | E | N | N | K | G |
| Rat | K | S | K | Q | E | D | Y | Q | L | I | N | F | N | P | T | N | H | G |
| Bat (R. pearsonii) | R | T | K | H | E | D | H | E | L | L | D | Y | N | E | N | N | K | D |
The 18 residues in human ACE2 that are identified to interface with SARS-CoV RBD were listed and compared for the conservatism in different species. The letters in red highlight the amino acid mutations at the corresponding positions, which are based on human ACE2 numbering. The ACE2 receptors that can be recognized by the SARS-CoV S protein include those from human, monkey (African green monkey), macaque, marmoset, hamster, cat, civet, raccoon dog, ferret, mouse, and bat (Rhinolophus sinicus, R. sinicus), although the mouse and bat (R. sinicus) ACE2s are utilized inefficiently. The rat and bat (Rhinolophus pearsonii, R. pearsonii) receptors, however, are unable to be used by SARS-CoV. Accession numbers: human (AY623811), monkey (AY996037), macaque (NM_001135696), marmoset (XM_008988993), hamster (XM_005074209), cat (NM_001039456), civet (AY881174), raccoon (AB211998), ferret (AB208708), mouse (EF408740), bat (R. sinicus) (GQ999936), rat (AY881244), bat (R. pearsonii) (EF569964).