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. 2010 Sep 19;36(6):523–530. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.07.014

Table 3.

Correlation between consumption of restricted antibiotics and the incidence of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) infection and the prevalence of MRSA at Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (Taichung, Taiwan), 2001–2009.

ATC code/drug name Antibiotic consumption (DDD/1000 PD)
 Spearman correlation coefficient
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Incidence of HA-MRSA
 Prevalence of MRSA
ρ P-value ρ P-value
J01AA12 Tigecycline 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.25 3.48 4.54 −0.825 0.006* −0.663 0.051
J01CG01 Sulbactam sodium 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 2.27 7.83 4.67 4.54 4.20 −0.502 0.168 −0.441 0.235
J01CR01 Ampicillin/sulbactam injection 0.00 0.00 19.18 51.23 34.75 34.68 40.77 28.76 30.71 −0.315 0.409 −0.050 0.898
J01CR02 Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid injection 36.49 27.42 41.32 41.20 50.09 52.43 49.70 44.99 50.36 −0.351 0.354 −0.283 0.460
J01CR05 Piperacillin/tazobactam 12.38 13.01 37.99 22.85 17.28 17.10 24.73 27.54 30.58 −0.285 0.458 −0.067 0.865
J01DC02 Cefuroxime 12.49 7.01 13.41 7.68 8.59 8.24 6.67 7.67 11.90 0.552 0.123 0.583 0.099
J01DC09 Cefmetazole 5.99 7.14 20.08 13.45 14.62 12.27 12.64 12.74 12.11 0.167 0.667 0.450 0.224
J01DD01 Cefotaxime 1.64 2.96 4.25 2.13 22.30 0.92 1.02 0.66 1.40 0.368 0.330 0.400 0.286
J01DD02 Ceftazidime 8.32 2.54 13.57 10.49 7.25 5.06 6.15 5.11 5.39 0.477 0.194 0.783 0.013*
J01DD04 Ceftriaxone 13.47 10.84 28.02 24.19 21.34 16.03 14.00 10.43 12.90 0.577 0.104 0.700 0.036*
J01DD12 Cefoperazone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 1.26 0.76 0.61 1.71 −0.642 0.062 −0.627 0.071
Flomoxefa 3.01 2.96 8.45 8.64 5.38 5.91 8.89 9.40 15.18 −0.586 0.097 −0.333 0.381
J01DE01 Cefepime 3.48 2.37 12.27 12.21 9.41 5.70 2.01 2.70 2.49 0.728 0.026* 0.833 0.005*
J01DE02 Cefpirome 0.00 1.61 3.61 2.38 0.57 0.31 0.68 2.46 2.09 −0.100 0.797 0.017 0.966
J01DH02 Meropenem 11.27 9.69 19.74 19.85 11.22 9.31 9.22 6.27 5.45 0.795 0.010* 0.833 0.005*
J01DH03 Ertapenem 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 9.38 5.29 7.55 8.42 −0.520 0.151 −0.540 0.134
J01DH51 Imipenem/cilastatin 3.27 1.29 5.31 7.27 4.60 4.23 4.83 7.73 12.50 −0.444 0.232 −0.150 0.700
J01GB06 Amikacin 17.20 11.50 21.10 10.56 6.08 3.08 2.27 2.35 1.71 0.870 0.002* 0.750 0.020*
J01GB11 Isepamicin 0.00 0.34 12.52 4.96 4.45 3.70 6.67 8.00 6.35 −0.234 0.544 0.017 0.966
J01MA02 Ciprofloxacin 39.76 36.88 62.43 24.44 10.22 14.34 17.42 21.52 25.97 0.402 0.284 0.267 0.488
J01MA12 Levofloxacin 137.35 187.11 422.25 241.31 156.98 162.02 139.57 151.27 172.20 0.259 0.500 0.117 0.765
J01MA14 Moxifloxacin 0.00 3.23 8.53 9.33 14.74 13.49 14.04 17.06 13.56 −0.653 0.057 −0.367 0.332
J01XA01 Vancomycin 14.03 9.97 18.11 15.35 12.02 11.80 12.06 11.63 14.09 0.310 0.417 0.517 0.154
J01XA02 Teicoplanin 3.74 6.15 9.18 10.72 7.10 4.53 2.43 2.32 3.46 0.611 0.081 0.567 0.112
J01XX01 Fosfomycin 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.54 6.49 −0.642 0.062 −0.548 0.127
J01XX08 Linezolid 0.00 0.59 4.08 3.21 1.73 1.73 0.36 0.79 0.75 0.391 0.298 0.460 0.213
J01XX09 Daptomycin 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.12 2.36 −0.845 0.004* −0.683 0.042*



Total 323.90 344.61 785.41 544.49 426.37 405.35 389.58 398.25 458.86 0.100 0.798 0.283 0.460

ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical; DDD, defined daily doses; PD, patient-days.

a

Flomoxef is a third-generation cephalosporin; there is no ATC code or World Health Organization definition or DDD at present. The package was 1 g per vial and the normal adult dosage was 1 g every 6 h in patients with normal renal function, hence the daily dosage was 4 g. We pre-emptively defined the DDD of flomoxef as 4 g.

*

P < 0.05 indicates that the 95% confidence interval for the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) did not include zero.