Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of enrolled cases. The number of positives is reported along with the proportion in all cases. Where appropriate the mean and the standard deviation is reported instead. Where information on clinical features in some reports the reduced sample size of complete reports is given.
| RCP |
Non-RCP |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-vaccine period | Post-vaccine period | P value* | Pre-vaccine period | Post-vaccine period | P value* | |
| N = 126 | N = 40 | N = 2136 | N = 785 | |||
| Age <60 month | ||||||
| Male | 67 (53%) | 19 (48%) | 0.53 | 1296 (61%) | 467 (60%) | 0.56 |
| Age <24 month | 92 (73%) | 24 (60%) | 0.12 | 1554 (73%) | 562 (72%) | 0.53 |
| Kindergarten attended | 60 (48%) | 24 (60%) | 0.17 | 895 (42%) | 321 (41%) | 0.62 |
| Clinical features | ||||||
| Increased respiratory rate | 39 (31%) | 5 (13%) | 0.02 | 379 (18%) | 70 (9%) | <0.001 |
| Chest indrawing | 13 (10%) | 1 (3%) | 0.19 | 123 (6%) | 38 (5%) | 0.34 |
| Stridor | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | 13 (1%) | 10 (1%) | 0.07 |
| Body temperature ≥38.0 °C | 94 (75%) | 18 (45%) | <0.001 | 1336 (63%) | 282 (36%) | <0.001 |
| Pre-hospital antibiotics | 38 (45%) | 14 (41%) | 0.73 | 617 (42%) | 342 (47%) | 0.03 |
| Days from onset to admission | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 3 ± 3.3 | 0.88 | 3.1 ± 2.9 | 2.3 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| WBC count, x10^3 | 16.8 ± 8.8 | 16 ± 8.6 | 0.59 | 12.8 ± 6.9 | 13.1 ± 7.3 | 0.31 |
| Any virus | 72 (61%) | 25 (64%) | 0.73 | 1287 (62%) | 491 (67%) | 0.01 |
| RCP |
Non-RCP |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-vaccine period | Post-vaccine period | P value* | Pre-vaccine period | Post-vaccine period | P value* | |
| N = 92 | N = 24 | N = 1554 | N = 561 | |||
| Age <24 month | ||||||
| Male | 51 (55%) | 14 (58%) | 0.8 | 985 (63%) | 351 (63%) | 0.73 |
| Kindergarten attended | 39 (42%) | 10 (42%) | 0.95 | 470 (30%) | 155 (28%) | 0.25 |
| Clinical features | ||||||
| Increased respiratory rate | 30 (33%) | 3 (13%) | 0.07 | 287 (18%) | 52 (9%) | <0.001 |
| Chest indrawing | 9 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0.2 | 98 (6%) | 29 (5%) | 0.33 |
| Stridor | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | 10 (1%) | 5 (1%) | 0.55 |
| Body temperature ≥38.0 °C | 69 (75%) | 10 (42%) | 0.002 | 947 (61%) | 181 (32%) | <0.001 |
| Pre-hospital antibiotics | 27 (44%) | 9 (43%) | 0.91 | 420 (40%) | 237 (46%) | 0.016 |
| Days from onset to admission | 3.3 ± 2.8 | 2.6 ± 3.1 | 0.34 | 3.2 ± 3.0 | 2.4 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| WBC count, ×103 | 17.2 ± 8.9 | 15.3 ± 8.8 | 0.33 | 13.0 ± 6.6 | 13.5 ± 7.8 | 0.2 |
| Any virus | 60 (68%) | 18 (75%) | 0.52 | 957 (63%) | 367 (66%) | 0.21 |
| RCP |
Non-RCP |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-vaccine period | Post-vaccine period | P value* | Pre-vaccine period | Post-vaccine period | P value* | |
| N = 34 | N = 16 | N = 582 | N = 224 | |||
| Age 24–59 month | ||||||
| Male | 16 (47%) | 5 (31%) | 0.37 | 311 (53%) | 116 (52%) | 0.67 |
| Kindergarten attended | 21 (62%) | 14 (88%) | 0.1 | 425 (73%) | 166 (74%) | 0.76 |
| Clinical features | ||||||
| Increased respiratory rate | 9 (26%) | 2 (13%) | 0.47 | 92 (16%) | 18 (8%) | 0.004 |
| Chest indrawing | 4 (12%) | 1 (6%) | 1 | 25 (4%) | 9 (4%) | 0.86 |
| Stridor | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | 3 (1%) | 5 (2%) | 0.042 |
| Body temperature ≥38.0 °C | 25 (74%) | 8 (50%) | 0.1 | 389 (67%) | 101 (45%) | <0.001 |
| Pre-hospital antibiotics | 11 (46%) | 5 (38%) | 0.74 | 197 (50%) | 105 (51%) | 0.89 |
| Days from onset to admission | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 3.5 ± 3.5 | 0.27 | 2.8 ± 2.6 | 2.2 ± 2.3 | 0.002 |
| WBC count, ×103 | 15.8 ± 8.3 | 17.0 ± 8.4 | 0.61 | 12.2 ± 7.6 | 12.2 ± 6.0 | 1 |
| Any virus | 12 (40%) | 7 (44%) | 0.81 | 330 (58%) | 151 (68%) | 0.008 |
Chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for numerical variables as appropriate.
Definitions: Chest indrawing: child's chest wall moves in or retracts during inhalation; increased respiratory rate for children younger than 2 month is defined as at least 60 breaths per minute, for children 2–12 month olds at least 50 breaths per minute, and for children older than 12 months at least 40 breaths per minute; antibiotic usage within 14 days prior to admission is recognised here as possibly affecting the susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia.