Table 1.
Receptors for enveloped viruses
| Protein family/class | Receptor | Virus | Virus family | Ref. |
| Immuno-globulin super-family | CD4 | HIV-1, -2, SIV | Retroviridae | 46, 105 |
| HHV7 | Herpesviridae | [117] | ||
| CEA-like, murine biliary glycoprotein | Murine hepatitis virus | Coronaviridae | [250] | |
| Class I MHC | SFV | Togaviridae | [86] | |
| MCV | Herpesviridae | [254] | ||
| Coronavirus OC43 | Coronavirdae | [41] | ||
| Class II MHC | LDV | Arteriviridae | [92] | |
| Visnavirus | Retroviridae | [47] | ||
| Integrins | High-affinity laminin receptor | Sindbis virus | Togaviridae | [228] |
| Regulators of complement activation | CR2 | EBV | Herpesviridae | 66, 68, 148 |
| CD46 | Measles virus | Paramyxoviridae | 55, 146 | |
| Multimembrane-spanning transporters | ||||
| Phosphate transporters | Glvr-1 | GALV, FeLV-B, SSAV | Retroviridae | 93, 233 |
| Ram-1 | MLV-A | Retroviridae | [136] | |
| Cationic amino-acid transporter | ecoR | MLV-E | Retroviridae | [2] |
| 4-span transmembrane protein family | CD9 | FIV | Retroviridae | [248] |
| 7-span transmembrane G-protein | Chemokine receptors | HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV, FIV | Retroviridae | 16, 33, 35, 54 |
| coupled receptors | (CCR5, CCR3, CCR2b, CXCR4) | 57, 62, 65, 120, 249 | ||
| LDL-receptor protein family | ALVA-R, ALSV-A | Retroviridae | [13] | |
| Receptor tyrosine kinase family | EGF receptor | Vaccinia virus | Poxviridae | [63] |
| TNF/NGF receptor homologue | HSV | Herpesviridae | [139] | |
| (also contains Ig-like | ||||
| extra-cellular domain) | ||||
| Zinc-dependent protease | CD13 (aminopeptidase) | Human corona virus 229E (TGEV) | Coronaviridae | 51, 255 |
| Transmitter-gated channel | Acetylcholine receptor | Rabiesvirus | Rhabdoviridae | 108, 109 |
| Others | BLV Receptor 1 | BLV | Retroviridae | [12] |
| Carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins | Sialic acid | Sendai virus | Paramyxoviridae | [208] |
| and glycolipids | Influenzavirus | Orthomyxoviridae | 87, 88 | |
| Heparan sulphate | HSV | Herpesviridae | [253] | |
| HCMV | [42] | |||
| Galactosyl-ceramide (alternative receptor) | HIV-1 | Retroviridae | 17, 82 | |
Abbreviations: AL(S)V, avian leukaemia (sarcoma) virus; BLV, bovine leukaemia virus; CCR/CXCR, CC and CXC chemokine receptors; CD4,9, etc., cluster of differentiation antigen; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CR2, complement receptor 2; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; EGF, epidermal growth factor; FeLV, feline leukaemia virus; FIV, feline immunodeficiency virus; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; HHV7, human herpes virus 7; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; GALV, gibbon ape leukaemia virus; LDV, lactate dehydrogenase virus; MCV, murine cytomegalovirus; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; MLV, murine leukaemia virus; NGF, nerve growth factor; SFV, Semliki Forest virus; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; SSAV, simian sarcoma-associated virus; TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.