. 2010 Dec 31;36(2):1134–1142. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.11.036

Table 6.

Estimation results of joint test for logarithmic series of seasonally adjusted GDP and electricity consumption.

Source of causality
Dependent variables	Joint short/long-term test
Dependent variables	ΔGDPSA and ECT	ΔELECSA and ECT
F-statistics
ΔGDPSA	–	0.6512
ΔELECSA	4.1797**	–

Notes: 1.ΔGDPSA and ΔELECSA are the first-difference series of LGDPSA and LELECSA respectively; ECT is the Error Correction Term. Δ denotes first-difference of variables. 2. * and ** denote the rejection of the null hypothesis at the 1 percent and 5 percent significance value, respectively.