Table 1.
Distribution of various genotypes amongst extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different wards and specimens and association with various resistance mechanisms.
| Specification | Genotype [n (%)a of isolates] |
Total number (%)b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6–52 | ||
| No. (%) of tested | 117 (57.6) | 14 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 57 (28.1) | 203 |
| Ward | |||||||
| ICU | 27 (40.9) | 7 (10.6) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 23 (34.8) | 66 (32.5) |
| IPD | 82 (66.7) | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 28 (22.8) | 123 (60.6) |
| OPD | 8 (57.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (42.9) | 14 |
| Specimen | |||||||
| Respiratory tract | 55 (52.4) | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 35 (33.3) | 105 (51.7) |
| Urine | 38 (66.7) | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 11 (19.3) | 57 (28.1) |
| Wounds | 9 (64.3) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (28.6) | 14 |
| Others | 15 (55.6) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 (25.9) | 27 (13.3) |
| Acquired resistance genes | |||||||
| blaVIM-2 | 0 | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 0 | 0 | 2 (66.7) | 3 |
| blaVIM-3 | 117 (94.4) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 124 (61.1) |
| Altered expression of porins and efflux pumpsc | |||||||
| oprD | 66 (46.5) | 12 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 49 (34.5) | 142 (70.0) |
| mexA | 20 (35.7) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 28 (50.0) | 56 (27.6) |
ICU, Intensive Care Unit; IPD, inpatient department; OPD, outpatient department.
a
Percentage of isolates of genotype amongst isolates with particular characteristic (percentages given only for those >10%).
b
Percentage of isolates with particular characteristic amongst total isolates (percentages given only for those >10%).
c
Altered expression means diminished expression of oprD of <40% or increased expression of mexA three times higher relative to the control strain P. aeruginosa PAO1.