Table A1.

Review of the economic effect of changes in management to control transmission of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) on dairy farms.

Reference;Study location;Study design	Losses due to MAP infection	Analyzed interventions	Economic outcome1
Groenendaal et al., 2002;Netherlands;Simulation	Lower milk productionDiagnosis and treatment costsReduced slaughter valueIncreased risk of being culled	Better calving hygiene and immediate removal of newborn calves from the dam, colostrum from own dam followed by milk replacer, separation of cows and calves, and test and cull	Net benefit: €1,183 for a 50-cow herd over 20 yr
Groenendaal et al., 2002;United States; Simulation	Lower milk production Diagnosis and treatment costs Reduced slaughter value Increased risk of being culled	Rearing of heifers off site from d 1. Simulations were conducted with and without improvements in management before the calves were sent to the rearing facility	Net benefit: US$29,905 without improved management and US$ 43,917 with improved management for a 100-cow herd over 20 yr
Dorshorst et al., 2006; United States; Simulation	Lower milk production Decreased fertility Reduced slaughter value Increased risk of being culled	Better calving hygiene and immediate removal of newborn calves from the dam, colostrum from only 1 dam followed by milk replacer, separation of cows and calves	Although improved colostrum hygiene and feeding only milk replacer yielded a positive net benefit, improved maternity pen hygiene was not cost effective
Cho et al., 2013; United States; Simulation	Lower milk production Reduced slaughter value Increased risk of being culled	Improvements in calf liquid diet management, separation of cows and calves	Net benefit: US$165,621 for a 100-cow herd with an initial prevalence of 10% over 50 yr
Groenendaal and Wolf, 2008; United States; Observational	Lower milk production Reduced slaughter value Increased risk of being culled	Variety of changes in management implemented on 40 farms; testing of animals (testing costs either included or not included)	Net benefit: US$34 per cow-year if testing costs were excluded, and −US$14 if testing costs were included
Kudahl et al., 2008; Denmark; Simulation	Lower milk production Decreased fertility Reduced slaughter value Increased risk of being culled	Better calving hygiene and immediate removal of newborn calves from the dam, colostrum from own dam or colostrum replacer followed by milk replacer, and separation of cows and calves	Farms implementing the intervention had a higher net benefit than farms that did not implement the intervention

¹Net benefit = economic outcome for farms implementing the intervention – economic outcome for farms not implementing the intervention.