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. 2013 Apr 13;21(12):3555–3564. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.002

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

The NGR-isoDGR switch. The cNGR moiety can spontaneously deamidate into a succinimide containing intermediate. Hydrolysis of the succinimide results in the formation of isoDGR or DGR, with limited racemization.