Table 2.

The evaluation of a panel of antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents in mouse lung slice model. The 250 μm thick lung slices were prepared as described in Section 2.3. The slices were infected with 200 μl of 10⁵ PFU/ml PR8 virus. After 2 h incubation on 37 °C, the viruses were removed and the lung slices were washed twice with PBS. Then drugs with serially diluted concentrations were added and maintained for 48 h, and the NA activities and IP-10 levels were determined as described in Sections 2.7, 2.8.

Chemical name	CC50a	NA-EC50b	IP-10-EC50c	In vivod	Possible mechanisme and Ref.h
Ribavirin	>200	32.5	21.8	+g	Antiviral (Zarogiannis et al., 2012)
Oseltamivir	>200	0.21	–f	+	Anti-influenza (Ilyushina et al., 2008)
Gemacrone	135.3	23.1	17.6	+	Anti-influenza (Liao et al., 2013)
U0126	72.3	12.03	1.3	+	ERK inhibitor (Pinto et al., 2011)
EGCG	>500	50.1	3.3	+	Antioxidant (Ling et al., 2012)
15d-PGJ2	21.7	–	0.2	+	PPAR-γ agonist (Cloutier et al., 2012)
SB203580	>100	–	15.1	+	P38 inhibitor (Borgeling et al., 2014)
Dicyclomine	65.2	–	–	–	Antispasmodic
Clotrimazole	16.3	–	–	–	Antifungal
Fenofibrate	>200	–	–	–	PPAR-α agonist
Benzydamine	112.6	–	–	–	Anti-inflammatory
Proadifen	32.2	–	–	–	Cytochrome P450 inhibitor
Nafronyl oxalate	121.7	–	22.1	–	5-HT2 receptor antagonist

^aCC₅₀: 50% cytotoxic concentration (μM) determined by the MTT assay.

^bNA-EC₅₀: 50% effective concentration (μM) determined by NA activity assay.

^cIP-10-EC₅₀: 50% effective concentration (μM) determined by ELISA of IP-10.

^dIn vivo: the protection effect of mice from lethal influenza infection.

^ePossible mechanism: possible mechanism of the compound as stated on either its “label” or literature.

^f–: no effect for virus inhibition, IP-10 inhibition or mice protection.

^g+: agents can protect mice against lethal influenza virus infection according to the literature.

^hRef.: the reference of the reported protection effect of antivirals or anti-inflammatory agents in vivo.