Table 3.

Host-associated aa signatures.

Protein	Position	Avian	Human	F118	F189	F59	F119	References
PB2	44	A	S	A	A	A	A	Shaw et al. (2002), Taubenberger et al. (2005) and Chen et al. (2006)
	81	T	M	T	T	T	T
	199	A	S	A	A	A	A
	271	T	A	T	T	T	T
	475	L	M	L	L	L	L
	567	D	N	D	D	D	D
	588	A	I	A	A	A	A
	613	V	T	V	V	V	V
	627	E	K	E	E	E	E
	661	A	T	A	A	A	A
	674	A	T	A	A	T	A
	702	K	R	K	K	K	K
PB1	327	R	K	R	R		R	Taubenberger et al. (2005) and Chen et al. (2006)
	336	V	I	V	V	V	V
	375	N/S/T	S			N	N
PA	28	P	L	P	P	P	P	Okazaki et al. (1989), Shaw et al. (2002), Taubenberger et al. (2005) and Chen et al. (2006)
	55	D	N	D	D	D	D
	57	R	Q	R	R	R	R
	65	S	L	S	S	S	S
	100	V	A	V	V
	225	S	C	S	S	S	S
	241	C	Y	C	C	C	C
	268	L	I	L	L	L	L
	312	K	R	K	K	K	K
	356	K	R	K	K	K	K
	382	E	D	E	E	E	E
	400	Q/T/S	L	S	S	S	S
	404	A	S	A	A	A	A
	409	S	N	S	S	S	S
	552	T	S	T	T	T	T
HA	237	N	R	N	N	N	N	Chen et al. (2006)
	389	D	N	D	D	D	D
NP	16	G	D	G	G	G	G	Gorman et al. (1990), Shaw et al. (2002) and Chen et al. (2006).
	31	R	K	R	R		R
	33	V	I	V	V	V	V
	61	I	L	I	I	I	I
	100	R	V	R	R	R	R
	109	I	V	I	I	I	I
	127	E	D	E	E	E	E
	136	L	M	L	L	L	L
	214	R	K	R	R	R	R
	283	L	P	L	L	L	L
	293	R	K	R	R	R	R
	305	R	K	R	R	R	R
	313	F	Y	F	F	F	F
	357	Q	K	Q	Q	Q	Q
	372	E	D	E	E	E	E
	375	D	G/E	D	D	D	D
	422	R	K	R	R	R	R
	442	T	A	T	T	T	T
	455	D	E	D	D	D	D
M1	115	V	I	V	V	V	V	Shaw et al. (2002) and Chen et al. (2006)
	121	T	A	T	T	A	A
	137	T	A	T	T	T	T
M2	11	T	I	T	T			Shaw et al. (2002) and Chen et al. (2006)
	16	E	G	E	E	E	E
	20	S	N	S	S	N	S
	55	L	F	L	L	F	F
	57	Y	H	Y	Y		Y
	78	Q	K	Q	Q
	86	V	A	V	V	V	V
NS1	227	E	R	E	E	E	E	Chen et al. (2006)
NS2	70	S	G	S	S	S	S	Chen et al. (2006)
	107	L	F	L		L	L

Residues that are novel are bold and highlighted in grey; residues that are associated with human host are boxed.