Table 1.
A classification of risk and cases in which evidences of the psychological typhoon eye effect have been reported.
| Source of harm |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Human-caused risks | Nature-caused risks | ||
| Rates of Diffusion | Acute risks |
German bombings of London (Wise, 2009) 9/11 terrorist attacks (Hoven et al., 2005) |
Earthquake (Li et al., 2010, Li et al., 2009a, Li et al., 2009b, Wang et al., 2000, Xie et al., 2011a) SARS (Xie, Stone, Zheng, & Zhang, 2011) |
| Chronic risks |
Nuclear power station (Guedeney and Mendel, 1973, Maderthaner et al., 1978) Industrial pollution (Tilt, 2006) |
Biological invasion enters a new ecosystem without human intervention (the psychological typhoon eye effect has not been reported yet) | |
Note. Acute risks are non-routine and accidental hazards. Chronic risks are gradual hazards (Chakraborty, 2001, Chakraborty et al., 2014). Human-caused risks are caused by human activities and human-made technologies; Nature-caused risks are caused by naturally occurring events (Siegrist & Sütterlin, 2014; X. F. Xie et al., 2011a, Xie et al., 2011b, Xie et al., 2011c).