Figure 1.

Colour dimorphism and associated trait diversity. (a–f) The magnitude of colour dimorphism between initial (a,c,e) and terminal phase (b,d,f) wrasses and parrotfishes ranges from none, as in Iniistius pentadactylus (a,b), to moderate, as in Halichoeres garnoti (c,d), to extreme, as in Chlorurus spilurus (e,f). (g) Phylogenetic reconstruction of the magnitude of colour dimorphism. Habitat association (black, non-coral reef; light grey, coral reef associated; dark grey/red, coral reef exclusive), mating system (black, promiscuous; light grey, haremic; dark grey/red, lek-like) and sex allocation (black, gonochorous; light grey, monandric; dark grey/red, diandric) are depicted at the tips of the phylogeny. Photos with permission from Rickard Zerpe (a), Mark Rosenstein (b), François Libert (c,e,f) and Carlos Estape (d). (Online version in colour.)