Table 2.

E. coli disinfection by microwave irradiation in the present study in comparison to those reported in literature.

Research	Disinfection rate	Microwave application time (s)	Microwave powera (W)	Assisting approaches	E. coli surviving media
Goldblith and Wang (1967)	6 logs	50	N/Ab	None	PBSc
Fujikawa et al. (1992)	6 logs	90	300	None	PBS
	4 logs	150	200	None	PBS
	5 logs	240	100	None	PBS
Watanabe et al. (2000)	3 logs	50	500	None	PBS
Apostolou et al. (2005)	6 logs	35	800	None	Small chicken portion
Awuah et al. (2005)	7 logs	55	1200	None	Milk
Park et al. (2006)	5 logs	30	1000	None	Sponge
	6 logs	60	1000	None	Scrubbing pads
Park et al. (2007)	4 logs	1	1000	Argon plasma	Salined
Takashima et al. (2007)	8 logs	5	100	Catalytic reaction	NBe
Present study	>4 logs	90	500	None	Nanofiber filter

^aMicrowave energy at the application target may not equal microwave operating power.

^bNot mentioned by the authors.

^cPhosphate buffer solution.

^dNormal saline, 0.9% NaCl water solution.

^eNutrient broth, Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.