Figure 3.

Relative reproductive performance of Pieris brassicae female butterflies that had been reared in Petri dishes on leaf discs treated with fipronil (0–32 µg kg⁻¹ DM). Each point in the graph denotes the average lifetime egg production of three females that were placed together in an oviposition cage relative to the average lifetime egg production of females that were not affected by fipronil, which was estimated to be 703 ± 31 eggs per female. There were five cages per concentration, except for the 4 µg kg⁻¹ DM dosage, which had only two replicates. The red line gives the fitted relationship between the relative reproductive performance and the fipronil dosage (ln (y/(1 – y)) = 3.228–0.2849x, see text for statistics). (Online version in colour.)