Table 1.
Predominant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and metabolic enzyme families reported to be involved in intestinal lymphatic transport and known modulating lipid excipients/surfactants and associated known drugs.
| Transporter | Lipid excipients/surfactants | Metabolism | Examples of drugs associated with CYP3A and P-gp transport |
|---|---|---|---|
| P-gp | Polyoxyl 35 castor oil (e.g., Cremophor) | CYP3A | Cyclosporine Ketoconazole Lovastatin Ritonavir Tamoxifen Amiodarone Saquinavir Carbamezapine |
| P-gp | PEG-15-hydroxystearate (e.g., Solutol HS-15) | CYP3A | |
| P-gp | Polysorbates (Tween 80, Tween 20) | CYP3A | |
| P-gp | Polymers (Pluronic block copolymers) | CYP3A | |
| P-gp | Sucrose esters (Sucrose monolaurate) | No metabolism reported | |
| P-gp | Medium chain glycerol and PEG esters (e.g., Labrasol) | No metabolism reported | |
| MRP2 | 1-monopalmitin, 1-monoolein and 1-monostearin | No metabolism reported |