Table 5.

AgNPs based biosensors for detection of viruses.

Virus	Impact on health	Biosensor type	Bio receptor	LOD	Linear range	Reference
HBV	Incapable of infecting mammals and plants	Optical	Aptamer	0.65 nM	1–800 nM	[22]
WNV	Neurological disease	Optical	Antibody	5 fg mL−1	–	[65]
HBV	Incapable of infecting mammals and plants	Electrochemical	Aptamer	6.46 × 10−13 M	3.23 × 10−12 to 5.31 × 10−9 M	[66]
Influenza (H5N1)	Breathing problems and pneumonia	Optical	Aptamer	2 ng mL−1 in buffer and 3.5 ng mL−1 in human serum	2–100 ng mL−1 in buffer and 3.5–100 in human serum	[67]