Table 1.
Percentages of positive bacterial cultures using protected specimen brush (PSB) samples in healthy subjects, patients with COPD and bronchiectasis.
| Source | Patients, N | FEV1, % pred | Specimen/cut-off value for positive culture, CFU/ml | Culture positive for any bacteria, N (%) | Culture positive for PPM, N (%) | Culture positive for nonPPM N (%) | Most frequently isolated PPMs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosell et al.2 | Healthy, 70 (49% smokers) | 92 | PSB/≥102 | – | 3 (4%) | – | Hi |
| Stable COPD, 181 | 56 | 53 (29%) | Hi, Sp, Mc | ||||
| Exacerbated COPD, 86 | 37 | 46 (54%) | Hi, Pa, Sp, Mc, En | ||||
| Monso et al.27 | Stable COPD, 40 | 51 | PSB/≥103 | – | 10 (25%) | – | Hi, Sp |
| Exacerbated COPD, 29 | 44 | 15 (52%) | Hi, Sp, Pa, Mc | ||||
| Cabello et al.28 | Healthy, 16 (12% smokers) | 92 | PSB/≥102 | 2 (12%) | – | – | Sa |
| Stable COPD, 18 | 77 | 15 (83%) | Hi, Sp, Sa | ||||
| Stable bronchiectasis, 17 | 73 | 14 (82%) | Hi, Pa, Sa | ||||
| Ruse et al.29 | Stable CB, 42 (45% with COPD) | 79 | PSB/>103 | 10 (24%) | – | – | Sp, Hi |
| Monso et al.30 | Stable CB, 41 | 75 | PSB/≥103 | 9 (22%) | – | – | Hi, Sp |
| Zalacain et al.31 | Controls, 20 (10% smokers) | 88 | PSB/≥103 | 0 (0%) | – | – | – |
| Stable COPD, 88 | 56 | 36 (41%) | 27 (31%) | Hi, Sp, Mc | |||
| Angrill et al.32 | Stable bronchiectasis, 75 (49% with COPD) | 75 | PSB/≥102 | – | 46 (61%) | 22 (29%) | Hi, Pa, Sp, Mc |
| Soler et al.33 | Exacerbated COPD, 40 | 37 | PSB/≥102 | 27 (68%) | 18 (45%) | 10 (25%) | Hi, Sp, Mc, Pa |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CB: chronic bronchitis; PSB: protected specimen brush; PPM: potentially pathogenic microorganism; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; CFU: colony forming units; Hi: nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae; Mc: Moraxella catarrhalis; Sp: Streptococcus pneumoniae; Pa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; En: members of Enterobacteriaceae family; Sa: Staphylococcus aureus.