Table 4.

Relationship between annual consumption of individual antibiotics and rates of key resistant Gram-negative pathogens causing nosocomial infections at National Taiwan University Hospital, 1991–2003

Antimicrobial agent	Escherichia coli		Klebsiella pneumoniae		Enterobacter cloacae		Serratia marcescens		Proteus spp.		Pseudomonas aeruginosa		Acinetobacter baumannii		Stenotrophomonas maltophilia		Other NFGNB
	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P
Cefotaxime	0.764	0.002*	0.480	0.097	0.437	0.136	0.777	0.002*	0.011	0.971	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ceftazidime	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	−0.543	0.045	0.008	0.980	0.327	0.591	0.245	0.420
Cefepime	0.787	0.114	0.345	0.576	0.064	0.919	0.555	0.332	−0.147	0.814	0.142	0.82	−0.952	0.012*	0.25	0.684	0.601	0.284
Piperacillin/tazobactam	0.784	0.426	−0.667	0.469	0.535	−0.303	0.124	0.921	−0.784	0.426	0.931	0.069	0.993	0.007*	0.963	0.037	−0.587	0.413
Ciprofloxacin	0.903	0.036*	0.674	0.212	0.527	0.361	−0.069	0.912	0.819	0.090	0.881	0.049*	0.647	0.238	−0.025	0.968	−0.627	0.257
Gentamicin	0.342	0.252	0.465	0.109	0.260	0.391	0.851	<0.001*	0.350	0.241	−0.261	0.388	−0.721	0.005*	1		−0.404	0.171
Amikacin	–	–	–	–	−0.264	0.384	−0.376	0.206	−0.322	0.283	−0.581	0.037	0.896	<0.001*	1		0.394	0.183
Meropenem	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.771	0.127	0.899	0.038*	–	–	0.786	0.214
Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	−0.470	0.424	–	–
Sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	−0.937	0.063	–	–

NFGNB, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli.

^*Statistically significant association (r > 0.72 or < − 0.72, P < 0.05).