Table 1.
Physical watershed attributes, human and cattle density, land cover, and sample collection information for eight watersheds in the Great Lakes Basin. Land cover compositions for each watershed were summarized using 2011 National Land Cover Database products (Jin et al., 2013). Wastewater statistics are a combination of data from the USGS SPARROW Program and the International Joint Commission. Drainage area was derived from The Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) (U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (2009)). [USGS, United States Geological Survey; km2, square kilometers; m3/s, cubic meters per second; WWTP, wastewater treatment plant; NA, not available].
| Sampling location | USGS station ID | Great lakes basin | Drainage area (km2) | Population density (people/km2) | Cattle density (cattle/km2) | Annual mean flow (m3/s) | WWTP flow as fraction of river discharge | Land cover percentage |
Samples collected |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban | Agriculture: pasture/hay | Agriculture: crops | Forest | Water/Wetland | Runoff-event periods | Low-flow periods | ||||||||
| Menominee River | 04067500 | Lake Michigan | 10179 | 38 | 3.5 | 74 | 0.00185 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 54.8 | 33.1 | 22 | 12 |
| Manitowoc River | 04085427 | Lake Michigan | 1362 | 164 | 143.2 | 12 | 0.00872 | 7.0 | 31.8 | 38.1 | 6.2 | 15.5 | 25 | 12 |
| Milwaukee River | 04087170 (Water Quality) 04087000, 04087142, 04087159 (Streamflow) | Lake Michigan | 2258 | 2909 | 57.2 | 22 | 0.02217 | 29.9 | 15.7 | 27.5 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 26 | 13 |
| Clinton River | 04165500 | Lake Erie | 1901 | 4097 | 2.9 | 21 | 0.06428 | 52.8 | 7.6 | 11.9 | 14.5 | 11.2 | 23 | 12 |
| River Rouge | 04166500 | Lake Erie | 484 | 6470 | 7.8 | 5 | NA | 92.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 23 | 13 |
| River Raisin | 04176500 | Lake Erie | 2699 | 396 | 12.8 | 25 | 0.01864 | 11.1 | 18.0 | 49.3 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 23 | 13 |
| Maumee River | 04193490 (Water Quality) 04193500 (Streamflow) | Lake Erie | 16395 | 363 | 12.4 | 182 | 0.03128 | 10.6 | 5.5 | 73.3 | 6.4 | 3.0 | 23 | 14 |
| Portage River | 04195500 | Lake Erie | 1109 | 38 | 6.6 | 15 | 0.03572 | 9.8 | 0.6 | 83.6 | 4.5 | 0.7 | 24 | 12 |