Table 1.
Variable | Class | Herds, N | Calves, n | Cases of respiratory disease, n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 125 | 5,101 | 128 (2.5) | |
Stall type | Tie stall | 71 | 2,195 | 25 (1.1) |
Free stall | 54 | 2,906 | 103 (3.5) | |
Purchase of calves during the last year | Yes | 25 | 1,187 | 28 (2.4) |
No | 95 | 3,712 | 94 (2.5) | |
No information | 5 | 202 | 6 (3.0) | |
Calving facilities | Tie stall: in box | 71 | 2,195 | 25 (1.1) |
Free stall: cubicle section or alley area | 19 | 916 | 23 (2.5) | |
Free stall: calving pen | 34 | 1,954 | 80 (4.1) | |
No information | 1 | 36 | 0 (0.0) | |
Use of heat lamp | Always | 25 | 1,131 | 38 (3.4) |
Occasionally or never | 99 | 3,898 | 90 (2.3) | |
No information | 1 | 72 | 0 (0.0) | |
Separation from dam | Immediately | 87 | 3,268 | 54 (1.7) |
During the first 24 h | 27 | 1,367 | 30 (2.2) | |
Later | 10 | 430 | 44 (10.2) | |
No information | 1 | 36 | 0 (0.0) | |
Suckling as a feeding regimen | No | 112 | 4,500 | 67 (1.5) |
Yes | 13 | 601 | 61 (10.1) | |
First feeding of colostrum after birth | Within 30 min | 35 | 1,112 | 10 (0.9) |
Within 2 h | 51 | 2,226 | 55 (2.5) | |
Within 4 h | 12 | 464 | 11 (2.4) | |
Later | 25 | 1,161 | 13 (1.1) | |
No information | 2 | 138 | 39 (28.0) | |
Minimum colostrum fed at first feeding | ≤1 L | 22 | 984 | 50 (5.1) |
1.1 to 2 L | 81 | 3,068 | 42 (1.4) | |
>2 L | 14 | 673 | 27 (4.0) | |
No information | 8 | 376 | 9 (2.4) | |
Housing during first week of life | Room shared with cows | 98 | 3,801 | 123 (3.2) |
Separate room | 25 | 1,235 | 5 (0.4) | |
No information | 2 | 65 | 0 (0.0) | |
Confinement from 2 wk of age | Single pen | 60 | 2,317 | 44 (1.9) |
Group pen | 64 | 2,761 | 84 (3.0) | |
No information | 1 | 23 | 0 (0.0) | |
Straw in a single pen | Yes | 64 | 2,597 | 43 (1.7) |
No | 36 | 1,264 | 18 (1.4) | |
No information | 25 | 1,240 | 67 (5.4) | |
Removal of manure from a single pen | Several times a day or daily | 37 | 1,344 | 11 (0.8) |
Weekly | 32 | 1,353 | 17 (1.2) | |
Less than weekly | 27 | 1,115 | 32 (2.9) | |
No information | 29 | 1,289 | 0 (0.0) | |
Slatted concrete floor in a group pen | Yes | 69 | 2,739 | 55 (2.0) |
No | 49 | 2,157 | 73 (3.4) | |
No information | 7 | 205 | 0 (0.0) | |
Deep litter in the resting area in a group pen | Yes | 10 | 347 | 6 (1.7) |
No | 111 | 4,653 | 122 (2.6) | |
No information | 4 | 101 | 0 (0.0) | |
Maximum group size in a group pen | <6 calves | 19 | 610 | 21 (3.4) |
6-10 calves | 31 | 1,423 | 23 (1.6) | |
>10 calves | 12 | 585 | 8 (1.4) | |
No information | 63 | 2,483 | 76 (3.1) | |
Maximum age difference between the youngest and oldest calf housed in the same group pen | ≤4 wk | 50 | 2,352 | 51 (2.2) |
5 to 8 wk | 39 | 1,605 | 24 (1.5) | |
>8 wk | 25 | 800 | 52 (6.5) | |
No information | 11 | 344 | 1 (0.3) | |
Feeding with sour milk | Yes | 46 | 1,628 | 14 (0.9) |
No | 61 | 2,589 | 71 (2.7) | |
No information | 18 | 884 | 43 (4.9) | |
Volume of milk fed per day the first week | ≤4 L | 43 | 1,671 | 18 (1.2) |
4.01 to 6 L | 37 | 1,543 | 42 (2.7) | |
6.01 to 10 L | 9 | 412 | 6 (1.5) | |
Ad libitum/automatic | 33 | 1,290 | 23 (1.8) | |
No information | 3 | 185 | 39 (21.1) | |
Volume of milk fed per day the second week | ≤4 L | 39 | 1,691 | 31 (1.8) |
4.01 to 6 L | 27 | 1,087 | 30 (2.8) | |
6.01 to 10 L | 10 | 475 | 7 (1.5) | |
Ad libitum/automatic | 46 | 1,663 | 21 (1.3) | |
No information | 3 | 185 | 39 (21.1) | |
Volume of milk fed per day the third week | ≤4 L | 31 | 1,358 | 26 (1.9) |
4.01 to 6 L | 21 | 824 | 23 (2.8) | |
6.01 to 10 L | 10 | 524 | 10 (1.9) | |
Ad libitum/automatic | 60 | 2,210 | 30 (1.4) | |
No information | 3 | 185 | 39 (21.1) | |
Volume of milk fed per day the fourth week | ≤4 L | 27 | 1,106 | 26 (2.4) |
4.01 to 6 L | 17 | 653 | 7 (1.1) | |
6.01 to 10 L | 9 | 438 | 10 (2.2) | |
Ad libitum/automatic | 69 | 2,719 | 46 (1.7) | |
No information | 3 | 185 | 39 (21.1) | |
Volume of milk fed per day >4 wk of age | ≤4 L | 29 | 1,259 | 25 (2.0) |
4.01 to 6 L | 10 | 364 | 7 (1.9) | |
6.01 to 10 L | 7 | 318 | 10 (3.1) | |
Ad libitum/automatic | 71 | 2,637 | 37 (1.4) | |
No information | 8 | 523 | 49 (9.4) |
Only calves born and raised in the same herd are included.