Table 1.

Variables on housing and management extracted from a questionnaire from 125 dairy herds in a survey on calf health in Norway between 2004 and 2007¹

Variable	Class	Herds, N	Calves, n	Cases of respiratory disease, n (%)
Total		125	5,101	128 (2.5)
Stall type	Tie stall	71	2,195	25 (1.1)
	Free stall	54	2,906	103 (3.5)
Purchase of calves during the last year	Yes	25	1,187	28 (2.4)
	No	95	3,712	94 (2.5)
	No information	5	202	6 (3.0)
Calving facilities	Tie stall: in box	71	2,195	25 (1.1)
	Free stall: cubicle section or alley area	19	916	23 (2.5)
	Free stall: calving pen	34	1,954	80 (4.1)
	No information	1	36	0 (0.0)
Use of heat lamp	Always	25	1,131	38 (3.4)
	Occasionally or never	99	3,898	90 (2.3)
	No information	1	72	0 (0.0)
Separation from dam	Immediately	87	3,268	54 (1.7)
	During the first 24 h	27	1,367	30 (2.2)
	Later	10	430	44 (10.2)
	No information	1	36	0 (0.0)
Suckling as a feeding regimen	No	112	4,500	67 (1.5)
	Yes	13	601	61 (10.1)
First feeding of colostrum after birth	Within 30 min	35	1,112	10 (0.9)
	Within 2 h	51	2,226	55 (2.5)
	Within 4 h	12	464	11 (2.4)
	Later	25	1,161	13 (1.1)
	No information	2	138	39 (28.0)
Minimum colostrum fed at first feeding	≤1 L	22	984	50 (5.1)
	1.1 to 2 L	81	3,068	42 (1.4)
	>2 L	14	673	27 (4.0)
	No information	8	376	9 (2.4)
Housing during first week of life	Room shared with cows	98	3,801	123 (3.2)
	Separate room	25	1,235	5 (0.4)
	No information	2	65	0 (0.0)
Confinement from 2 wk of age	Single pen	60	2,317	44 (1.9)
	Group pen	64	2,761	84 (3.0)
	No information	1	23	0 (0.0)
Straw in a single pen	Yes	64	2,597	43 (1.7)
	No	36	1,264	18 (1.4)
	No information	25	1,240	67 (5.4)
Removal of manure from a single pen	Several times a day or daily	37	1,344	11 (0.8)
	Weekly	32	1,353	17 (1.2)
	Less than weekly	27	1,115	32 (2.9)
	No information	29	1,289	0 (0.0)
Slatted concrete floor in a group pen	Yes	69	2,739	55 (2.0)
	No	49	2,157	73 (3.4)
	No information	7	205	0 (0.0)
Deep litter in the resting area in a group pen	Yes	10	347	6 (1.7)
	No	111	4,653	122 (2.6)
	No information	4	101	0 (0.0)
Maximum group size in a group pen	<6 calves	19	610	21 (3.4)
	6-10 calves	31	1,423	23 (1.6)
	>10 calves	12	585	8 (1.4)
	No information	63	2,483	76 (3.1)
Maximum age difference between the youngest and oldest calf housed in the same group pen	≤4 wk	50	2,352	51 (2.2)
	5 to 8 wk	39	1,605	24 (1.5)
	>8 wk	25	800	52 (6.5)
	No information	11	344	1 (0.3)
Feeding with sour milk	Yes	46	1,628	14 (0.9)
	No	61	2,589	71 (2.7)
	No information	18	884	43 (4.9)
Volume of milk fed per day the first week	≤4 L	43	1,671	18 (1.2)
	4.01 to 6 L	37	1,543	42 (2.7)
	6.01 to 10 L	9	412	6 (1.5)
	Ad libitum/automatic	33	1,290	23 (1.8)
	No information	3	185	39 (21.1)
Volume of milk fed per day the second week	≤4 L	39	1,691	31 (1.8)
	4.01 to 6 L	27	1,087	30 (2.8)
	6.01 to 10 L	10	475	7 (1.5)
	Ad libitum/automatic	46	1,663	21 (1.3)
	No information	3	185	39 (21.1)
Volume of milk fed per day the third week	≤4 L	31	1,358	26 (1.9)
	4.01 to 6 L	21	824	23 (2.8)
	6.01 to 10 L	10	524	10 (1.9)
	Ad libitum/automatic	60	2,210	30 (1.4)
	No information	3	185	39 (21.1)
Volume of milk fed per day the fourth week	≤4 L	27	1,106	26 (2.4)
	4.01 to 6 L	17	653	7 (1.1)
	6.01 to 10 L	9	438	10 (2.2)
	Ad libitum/automatic	69	2,719	46 (1.7)
	No information	3	185	39 (21.1)
Volume of milk fed per day >4 wk of age	≤4 L	29	1,259	25 (2.0)
	4.01 to 6 L	10	364	7 (1.9)
	6.01 to 10 L	7	318	10 (3.1)
	Ad libitum/automatic	71	2,637	37 (1.4)
	No information	8	523	49 (9.4)

¹Only calves born and raised in the same herd are included.