Table 1.
Expression of KPNA2 in cancer tissue and its effect on patient outcome.
| Cancer type | Sample size | Expression compared to normal | Main localization | Effect on survival for KPNA2-positive samples | Hazard ratioa | Main conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer [11] | 272 Paired samples | 56% of breast cancers and 1.8% of matched normals | Nucleus | OS in months: 101 [90–112] vs. 120 [110–129] | 2.42 [1.20–4.88] | KPNA2 overexpression is an independent risk factor |
| Melanoma [14] | 238 | NA | Cytoplasm | 4-year OS: 66% [57–75%] vs. 85% [74–95%] | NA | KPNA2 overexpression is a risk factor |
| Breast cancer [12] | 83 Matched normal, DCIS, invasive | 0% of adjacent benign tissues, 21.3% of DCIS and 31% of invasive carcinomas | Nucleus | RFS in months: 69 [47–92] vs. 118 [100–135] for invasive samples | NA | KPNA2 overexpression is a risk factor |
| Breast cancer [13] | 191 | NA | Nucleus | OS in months: 62.5 [32.3–89.7] vs. 103.6 [87.7–119.4] | OS: 1.86 [1.07–3.23] | KPNA2 overexpression is an independent risk factor irrespective of treatment intensity |
| Cervical cancer [15] | 26 | About 4.5× higher levels in cancer tissue by RT-PCR | Cytoplasm, nuclear envelope | NA | NA | KPNA2 is overexpressed in cancer tissue |
| Esophageal cancer [16] | 116 | No expression vs. expression in 51.7% (60/116) of cancers | Nucleus | 5-year OS: 41.6% vs. 62.3% | NA | KPNA2 overexpression is a risk factor |
| Lung cancer [17] | 66 Paired samples | 87.9% (58/66) of cancers vs. 4.5% (3/66) of matched normals | Nucleus | NA | NA | KPNA2 is overexpressed in tumors as well as serum |
| Ovarian cancer [18] | 102 | 8× normal expression by microarray. IHC: 0% (0/15) of normals and 49.0% (50/102) of cancers | Nucleus | 5-year OS: 60.5% vs. 73.1% | NA | KPNA2 overexpression is a risk factor |
| Prostate cancer [19] | 678 | Expression in 42.4% of the samples | Nucleus | 5 year RFS: 0.607 (SE = 0.055) vs. 0.794 (SE = 0.034) | 2.129 [1.332–3.403] | KPNA2 overexpression is an independent risk factor for recurrence |
| Liver cancer [21] | 124 | Expression in 36.3% of the samples | Nucleus | Early recurrence in 72.2% (13/18) vs. 31.6% (18/57) | RFS: 1.781 [1.188–2.730] | KPNA2 overexpression is an independent risk factor for survival and early recurrence |
| Bladder cancer [non-invasive] [22] | 234 | NA | Nucleus | Progression to muscle-invasive disease in 49% (59/120) vs. 25% (28/114) | PFS: 2.59 [1.49–4.49] | KPNA2 overexpression is an independent risk factor for progression |
| Bladder cancer [invasive] [22] | 377 | NA | Nucleus | Demonstrated as HRs | RFS: 1.66 [1.17–2.36] OS: 1.47 [1.07–2.03] | KPNA2 overexpression is an independent risk factor |
| Brain cancer [20] | 106 | Expression in all malign samples | Nucleus | Demonstrated as HRs | OS: 1.94 [1.01–3.7] PFS: 1.73 [0.92–3.22] | KPNA2 overexpression is an independent risk factor |
Paired samples designates that for each examined tumor sample a corresponding normal sample was also assayed. 95% confidence intervals have been indicated in brackets where applicable.
Abbreviations: DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situ, IHC: immunohistochemistry, NA: not applicable (e.g. not investigated), OS: overall survival, PFS: progression-free survival, RFS: recurrence-free survival, SE: standard error.
a
Portrayed hazard ratios are derived from multivariate analysis.