Table 2.
Summary of studies using composting as a pathogen inactivation method.
| Pathogen | Type of mortality/compost material | Cover and base material | Max T reached (°C) | Time of inactivation (days) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AI H5N2 and EDS-76 | Poultry | Oat straw and goat manure | 58.3 | 20 | Senne et al. (1994) |
| AI H7N1 | Poultry manure | Straw | 67.0 | 1 | Elving et al. (2012) |
| AI H7N1 and NDV | Poultry | Corn silage and poultry manure | 65.0 | 3 | Guan et al. (2009) |
| FMD | Swine | Wood shavings and poultry manure | 70.0 | 10 | Guan et al. (2010) |
| NDV | Cattle | Barley straw and cattle manure | 64.8 | 7 | Xu et al. (2009) |
| PEDV | Swine | Wood shavings | 57.0 | 1 | Vitosh-Sillman et al. (2017) |
| Salmonella and Campylobacter | Sewage sludge | Not reported | 55 | 3 | USEPA (2003) |
| Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus | Manure and cattle | Not reported | 41 | 1 | Guan et al. (2012) |