Table 4.

Effect of PM_2.5 on emergency department visits for psychiatric diseases.

Exposure	All (F00-F99)			F20-F29			F30-F39			F40-F49			F50-F59
	ARR	95% CI		ARR	95% CI		ARR	95% CI		ARR	95% CI		ARR	95% CI
PM2.5
Lag 1	1.000	0.994	1.007	0.984	0.958	1.012	0.999	0.983	1.016	1.008	0.995	1.021	0.982	0.946	1.019
Lag 2	1.002	0.995	1.008	1.000	0.973	1.027	1.010	0.994	1.026	1.002	0.990	1.015	0.985	0.949	1.023
Lag 3	0.998	0.991	1.005	0.983	0.957	1.010	1.005	0.989	1.022	1.001	0.988	1.013	1.004	0.966	1.044
PM2.5 + SO2
Lag 1	1.011	1.002	1.021	0.991	0.956	1.028	1.018	0.996	1.039	1.010	0.993	1.026	0.975	0.928	1.025
Lag 2	1.003	0.994	1.013	0.998	0.963	1.035	1.018	0.996	1.039	1.002	0.986	1.019	0.979	0.932	1.028
Lag 3	0.998	0.989	1.007	0.982	0.947	1.018	1.008	0.987	1.030	1.002	0.985	1.019	0.974	0.925	1.025
PM2.5 + CO
Lag 1	1.005	0.995	1.015	1.034	0.993	1.077	1.019	0.995	1.044	1.007	0.988	1.026	0.985	0.932	1.042
Lag 2	1.004	0.994	1.014	1.021	0.980	1.063	1.005	0.982	1.030	1.005	0.986	1.024	0.962	0.909	1.017
Lag 3	0.998	0.988	1.009	1.000	0.960	1.042	0.991	0.967	1.016	0.998	0.979	1.017	1.013	0.956	1.074
PM2.5 + O3
Lag 1	1.003	0.996	1.010	0.986	0.959	1.013	1.003	0.987	1.019	1.015	1.003	1.029	0.980	0.944	1.018
Lag 2	1.001	0.994	1.008	0.999	0.972	1.027	1.009	0.993	1.025	1.003	0.990	1.016	0.980	0.944	1.018
Lag 3	0.998	0.992	1.005	0.980	0.954	1.007	1.006	0.990	1.023	1.003	0.990	1.016	1.013	0.974	1.053
PM2.5 + NO2
Lag 1	1.002	0.994	1.010	0.997	0.964	1.030	1.004	0.985	1.024	1.009	0.994	1.025	0.984	0.941	1.030
Lag 2	1.004	0.996	1.012	1.009	0.976	1.043	1.008	0.989	1.028	1.007	0.992	1.023	0.985	0.941	1.031
Lag 3	0.999	0.991	1.007	0.988	0.956	1.021	1.001	0.982	1.021	1.000	0.985	1.016	1.015	0.968	1.063
PM2.5 + PM10
Lag 1	1.000	0.999	1.000	0.998	0.995	1.001	1.000	0.999	1.002	0.998	0.994	1.003	1.001	0.998	1.003
Lag 2	1.000	0.999	1.001	1.000	0.997	1.003	1.001	0.999	1.003	1.000	0.996	1.004	1.001	0.999	1.003
Lag 3	1.000	0.999	1.000	0.998	0.996	1.001	0.999	0.998	1.001	0.997	0.993	1.001	1.000	0.997	1.002

Adjusted relative risks (ARRs) with 95 confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using general additive models: Log [E(Y)] = β0 + β(pollutants) + S1(pollutants) + S1(Temperature) + S2(humidity) + Sp(number) + β(pollutants) + parameters (week, season, middle east respiratory syndrome period) (degree of freedom = 3). The beta coefficients of PM_2.5 were calculated with relative risks with 95% confidence intervals; PM_2.5, particular mass <2.5 μm (μg/m³); PM₁₀, particular mass <10 μm (μg/m³); O₃, trioxide (ozone) (ppm, pulse per minute); NO₂, nitric dioxide (ppm, pulse per minute); CO, carbon oxide (ppm, pulse per minute); SO₂, sulfur dioxide (ppm, pulse per minute); F00-F99, Mental and Behavioral Disease; F00-F09, Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders; F10-F19, Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use; F20-F29, Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders; F30-F39, Mood [affective] disorders; F40-F48, Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders; F50-F59, Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors; F60-F69, Disorders of adult personality and behavior; F70-F79, Mental retardation; F80-F89, Disorders of psychological development; F90-F98, Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence; F99-F99, Unspecified mental disorder.