Table 3.
Characteristics of two groups with or without bacterial and viral coinfection in community-acquired pneumonia.
| Total (n = 235) |
Group with bacterial and viral coinfection (n = 32) |
Group without bacterial and viral coinfection (n = 203) |
P-value† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 72 | (57–80) | 77 | (63–81) | 70 | (56–80) | 0.203 |
| Sex (male) | 121 | (51.5%) | 15 | (46.9%) | 106 | (52.2%) | 0.704 |
| Any comorbidity | |||||||
| Malignancy | 42 | (17.9%) | 4 | (12.5%) | 38 | (18.7%) | 0.467 |
| Congestive heart failure | 24 | (10.2%) | 3 | (9.4%) | 21 | (10.3%) | 1.000 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 34 | (14.5%) | 5 | (15.6%) | 29 | (14.3%) | 1.000 |
| Renal disease | 44 | (18.7%) | 7 | (21.9%) | 37 | (18.2%) | 0.628 |
| Liver disease | 12 | (5.1%) | 1 | (3.1%) | 11 | (5.4%) | 1.000 |
| COPD | 31 | (13.2%) | 3 | (9.4%) | 28 | (13.8%) | 0.778 |
| Bronchiectasis | 12 | (5.1%) | 5 | (15.6%) | 7 | (3.4%) | 0.013 |
| Asthma | 16 | (6.8%) | 2 | (6.3%) | 14 | (6.9%) | 1.000 |
| Previous mycobacteria infection history | |||||||
| Previous tuberculosis history | 16 | (6.8%) | 2 | (6.3%) | 14 | (6.9%) | 1.000 |
| Previous nontuberculous Mycobacteria infection | 5 | (2.1%) | 3 | (9.4%) | 2 | (1.0%) | 0.019 |
| Physical findings | |||||||
| Body temperature (°C) | 37.8 | (37.3–38.5) | 38.3 | (37.5–39.0) | 37.8 | (37.3–38.5) | 0.038 |
| Pulse rate (beats/min) | 96 | (90–98) | 98 | (92–99) | 96 | (90–98) | 0.144 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 120 | (99–140) | 120 | (100–140) | 120 | (98–140) | 0.739 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 80 | (80–90) | 80 | (80–90) | 82 | (80–90) | 0.356 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 24 | (20–28) | 25 | (22–31) | 24 | (20–28) | 0.084 |
| Altered mental status | 9 | (3.8%) | 3 | (9.4%) | 6 | (3.0%) | 0.109 |
| Laboratory findings | |||||||
| pO2 (mm Hg) | 68.6 | (58.7–83.1) | 64.0 | (57.5–81.6) | 69.2 | (59.0–83.3) | 0.241 |
| O2 saturation (%) | 93.7 | (89.9–96.2) | 93.2 | (90.2–95.7) | 93.9 | (89.8–96.4) | 0.391 |
| pH | 7.43 | (7.40–7.46) | 7.44 | (7.39–7.48) | 7.43 | (7.40–7.46) | 0.292 |
| WBC (109/L) | 9.61 | (6.42–14.58) | 11.42 | (8.92–15.26) | 9.32 | (6.35–14.47) | 0.077 |
| Neutrophil (%) | 78.5 | (70.6–87.3) | 84.5 | (76.8–90.3) | 77.1 | (68.9–86.2) | 0.013 |
| Absolute neutrophil count(106/L) | 7300 | (4600–12,000) | 9800 | (6500–13,700) | 7100 | (4400–11,700) | 0.034 |
| RBC (1012/L) | 3.9 | (3.5–4.3) | 4.0 | (3.5–4.3) | 3.9 | (3.5–4.4) | 0.726 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.8 | (10.4–13.2) | 12.2 | (10.0–13.1) | 11.7 | (10.4–13.3) | 0.983 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35.8 | (32.1–39.8) | 37.4 | (31.8–40.0) | 35.7 | (32.1–39.6) | 0.646 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 206 | (149–276) | 204 | (163–289) | 208 | (149–275) | 0.673 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 18 | (12–25) | 19 | (13–33) | 17 | (11–25) | 0.169 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 136 | (133–139) | 136 | (134–139) | 136 | (133–139) | 0.718 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 128 | (106–162) | 137 | (111–199) | 127 | (105–160) | 0.213 |
| CPR (mg/L) | 90.0 | (37.7–176.1) | 118.6 | (72.8–201.2) | 85.1 | (31.8–167.5) | 0.030 |
| Intubation | 26 | (11.1%) | 4 | (12.5%) | 22 | (10.8%) | 0.763 |
| Immunocompromised status | 9 | (3.8%) | 0 | (0%) | 9 | (4.4%) | 0.614 |
| HIV infection | 0 | (0.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| ICU admission | 60 | (25.5%) | 11 | (34.4%) | 49 | (24.1%) | 0.274 |
| CURB-65 score | |||||||
| 0–3 | 223 | (94.9%) | 29 | (90.6%) | 194 | (95.6%) | 0.227 |
| 4 | 9 | (3.8%) | 2 | (6.3%) | 7 | (3.4%) | |
| 5 | 3 | (1.3%) | 1 | (3.1%) | 2 | (1.0%) | |
| Pneumonia severity index | |||||||
| 1–3 | 110 | (46.8%) | 14 | (43.8%) | 96 | (47.3%) | 0.726 |
| 4 | 78 | (33.2%) | 10 | (31.3%) | 68 | (33.5%) | |
| 5 | 47 | (20.0%) | 8 | (25.0%) | 39 | (19.2%) | |
| IDSA/ATS severe pneumonia | 64 | (27.2%) | 14 | (43.8%) | 50 | (24.6%) | 0.032 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 10 | (7–20) | 14 | (6–24) | 10 | (7–20) | 0.279 |
| Mortality rate | 20 | (8.5%) | 6 | (18.8%) | 14 | (6.9%) | 0.038 |
Data are shown as number (percent) or median (interquartile range).
†P-values were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test or Fisher's exact test.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU, intensive care unit; IDSA/ATS, Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society.