Table 2.
Associations with viral loada, controlling for age, and chronic disease
| hMPV (n = 81) | RSV (n = 418) | |
|---|---|---|
| OR, P (95% CI) | OR, P (95% CI) | |
| Fever ≥38 °C | 1.9, P = 0.002 (1.3–2.9) | 0.95, P = 0.494 (0.8–1.1) |
| Bronchodilator use | 1.6, P = 0.019 (1.1–2.3) | 1.1, P = 0.540 (0.9–1.2) |
| Antibiotic use | 0.8, P = 0.265 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8, P = 0.001 (0.7–0.9) |
| Stay >2 days | 1.5, P = 0.025 (1.1–2.2) | 0.9, P = 0.067 (0.8–1.0) |
| Inpatient admission | 1.2, P = 0.355 (0.8–1.7) | 0.8, P = 0.047 (0.7–0.997) |
| ICU admission | 0.8, P = 0.525 (0.4–1.6) | 0.8, P = 0.219 (0.6–1.1) |
| Ventilator requirementb | ||
| In underlying disease group | 0.5, P = 0.151 (0.2–1.3) | 1.6–P = 0.119 (0.9–3.0) |
| In previously healthy group | 1.5, P = 0.287 (0.7–3.3) | 0.7, P = 0.150 (0.5–1.1) |
| Oxygen requirement | 1.0, P = 0.941 (0.7–1.30) | 0.9, P = 0.099 (0.8–1.0) |
| Chest X-ray ordered | 1.4, P = 0.05 (0.99–1.9) | 0.9, P = 0.373 (0.8–1.1) |
| βc, P (95% CI) | βc, P (95% CI) | |
| RR-maxd | 0.22, P = 0.84 (−1.9 to 2.3) | −1.3, P = 0.008 (−2.3 to −0.4) |
CI = confidence interval; ICU = intensive care unit; RR-max = maximum respiratory rate.
a
Viral load was assessed as a predictor using a log10-transformed, linear variable.
b
The presence of an underlying chronic condition was found to significantly modify the relationship between viral load and ventilator requirement. For this reason, the estimate is presented separately for the previously healthy and the underlying disease groups.
c
β indicates the linear regression coefficient. For example, a 1 log increase in hMPV viral load corresponds to an increase in respiratory rate of 0.2 breaths per minute.
d
Controlling for use of bronchodilators as well.