. 2018 Dec 3;232:201–226. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.036

Table 1.

Pharmacologically active compounds isolated from Psoralea species.

Plant(s)	Part used	Chemical constituents (structure number)^[chemica^l^{class/sub-class]}	Reference(s)
Psoralea bituminosaL.	Whole plant	Allo-Aromadendrene (1)^u	(Azzouzi et al., 2014a, Azzouzi et al., 2014b, Bertoli et al., 2004, Innocenti et al., 1998, Khatune et al., 2004, Pazos-Navarro et al., 2011, Pistelli et al., 2003, Tava et al., 2007)
[accepted name: Bituminariabituminosa (L.) C.H.Stirt]		Angelicin (Isopsoralen) (2)ⁿ
		Apiol (3)^s
		Benzaldehyde (4)^d
		Benzoicacid (5)^a
		Benzyl alcohol (6)^b
		Bergapten (7)ⁿ
		Bicyclogermacrene (8)^u
		Bitucarpin A (9)^o
		Bitucarpin B (10)^o
		Camphene (11)^u
		Caryophyllen-5-ol (12)^u
		Caryophyllene oxide (13)^u
		Chavicol (14)^s
		(Z,Z)-Nepetalactone (15)^u
		(Z,E)-Nepetalactone (16)^u
		(Z)-γ-Cadinene (17)^c
		Citronellylacetate (18)^u
		Cubebol (19)^u
		Cyclododecane (20)^c
		Diadzin (21)^o
		Docosanol (22)^b
		Dodecanol (23)^b
		Drupanin (24)^h
		(E)-2-Hexenal (25)^d
		(E)-2-Hexenol (26)^b
		(E)-Anethole (27)^s
		(E)-Phytol (28)^b
		(E)-Werneriachromene (29)ⁿ
		(E)-β-Farnesene (30)^t
		(E)-β-Ocimene (31)^u
		(E,E)-Farnesol (32)^u
		(E,E)-α-Farnesene (33)^u
		(E,Z)-Farnesol (34)^u
		Ethylbenzoate (35)^k
		Ethyl butanoate (36)^k
		Ethyl hexanoate (37)^k
		Ethyl linoleate (38)^k
		Ethyl linolenate (39)^k
		Ethyl palmitate (40)^k
		Ethyl salicilate (41)^k
		Eudesma-4 (15),7-dien-1-β-ol (42)^u
		Eugenol (43)^s
		Ferulic acid ethyl ester (44)^r
		Furanmethanol (45)^b
		Furfural (46)^d
		Furfuryl methyl sulphide (47)^x
		Geraniol (48)^u
		Germacrene D (49)^u
		Germacrene D-4-ol (50)^u
		Guaiacol (51)^r
		Heptadecane (52)^c
		Heptanal (53)^d
		Heptane (54)^c
		Hexadecanol (55)^b
		Hexanal (56)^d
		Hexane (57)^c
		Hexanol (58)^b
		Humulene oxide II (59)^u
		Indole (60)^x
		Isoorientin (61)^m
		Isopentyl alcohol (62)^b
		Limonane (63)^u
		Limonene (64)^u
	Linalool (65)^u
	Linoleic acid (66)^l
Linolenic acid (67)^l
Maltol (68)^x
Methyl benzoate (69)^k
Methyl chavicol (70)^s
Methyl hexadecanoate (71)^k
Methyl linolenate (72)^k
Methyl octadecanoate (73)^k
Methyl tetradecanoate (74)^k
Mint sulphide (75)^x
n-Docosane (76)^c
n-Eicosane (77)^c
n-Heneicosane (78)^c
n-Hexadecane (79)^c
Nonanal (80)^d
Nonane (81)^c
Oct-1-en-3-ol (82)^b
Octadecanoicacid (83)^a
Octadecanol (84)^b
Octane (85)^c
Palmitic acid (86)^l
Pentanol (87)^b
Phenol (88)^r
Phenylacetaldehyde (89)^d
Phenylethyl alcohol (90)^b
Plicatin B (91)^q
Psoralen (92)ⁿ
p-Vinyl guaiacol (93)^r
Sabinene (94)^u
Spathulenol (95)^u
Squalene (96)^c
Terpinen-4-ol (97)^u
Terpinolene (98)^u
Tetradecanoicacid (99)¹
Tetradecanol (100)^b
Thymol (101)^p
(E)-γ-Cadinene (102)^c
Tricyclene (103)^u
Vanillicacidethylester (104)^r
Viridiflorol (105)^u
Xanthotoxin (106)ⁿ
(Z)-Phytol (107)^b
(Z)-2-Pentenol (108)^b
(Z)-3-Hexenol (109)^b
(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate (110)^k
(Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol (111)^b
(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecadien-1-ol (112)^b
α-Bisabolol (113)^u
α-Cadinol (114)^u
α-Cedrene (115)^u
α-Copaene (116)^u
α-Cubebene (117)^u
α-Humulene (118)^u
α-Longipinene (119)^u]
α-Muurolene (120)^u
α-Muurolol (121)^u
α-Pinene (122)^u
α-Terpineol (123)^b
α-Ylangene (124)^u
β-Bourbonene (125)^u
β-Caryophyllene (126)^u
β-Cedrene (127)^t
β-Copaene (128)^u
β-Cubebene (129)^u
β-(E)-Damascenone (130)^v
β-(E)-Ocimene (131)^p
β-Elemene (132)^u
β-Farnesene (133)^u
β-Gurjunene (134)^u
β-Myrcene (135)^u
β-Phellandrene (136)^u
β-Pinene (137)^u
β-Ionone (138)^v
γ-Muurolene (139)^u
γ-Terpinene (140)^u
δ-Cadinene (141)^u
2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran (142)^e
2-Methyl hexane (143)^c
2-Methyl pentane (144)^c
3-(E)-Hexen-1-ol (145)^b
3-(Methylthio) propanal (146)^x
3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol (147)^b
4-Allylanisole (148)^s
4-Methoxy acetophenone (149)^x
4-Methyl pentanol (150)^b
Psoralea canescensMichx.	Rhizome	Angelicin (Isopsoralen) (2)ⁿ	(Innocenti et al., 1997)
[synonym: Pediomelum canescens (Michx.) Rydb.]		Drupacin (151)^a
		Plicatin-B (91)^q
		Psoralen (92)ⁿ
Psoralea corylifoliaL.	Whole plant	Angelicin (Isopsoralen) (2)ⁿ	(Agarwal et al., 2006;
[accepted name: Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik.]		Astragalin (152)^m	Alam et al., 2017)
		Bakuchalcone (153)^g	Anwar et al., 2011; Bajwa et al., 1972; Behloul and Wu, 2013; Bhalla et al., 1968; Bourgaud et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2014; Choi et al., 2008a, Choi et al., 2008b; Chopra and Chopra, 1958; Damodaran and Dev, 1973; Farahani et al., 2015; Gupta et al., 1977; Gupta et al., 1980; Gupta et al., 2005; Gupta et al., 2013a, Gupta et al., 2013b; Hao et al., 2014; Hsu et al., 2001; Huang et al., 2014; Iwamura et al., 1989; Jeong et al., 2013; Ji and Xu, 1995; Kapoor and Raton, 2001; Katsura et al., 2001; Kawl, 1976; Khatune et al., 2002; Khatune et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2016; Kondo et al., 1990; Krishnamurthi et al., 1969; Lau et al., 2010; Lau et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2015; Li et al., 2014; Li et al., 2015; Li et al., 2016; Lim et al., 2011; Limper et al., 2013; Lin and Kuo, 1992; Lin et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2014; Manohar and UdayaSankar, 2012; Mar et al., 2001; Matsuda et al., 2007; Newton et al., 2002; Peng et al., 1995; Prakasarao et al., 1973; Prasad et al., 2004; Qiao et al., 2006; Rajpal, 2005; Rajput et al., 2008; Rastogi and Mehrotra, 1998; Rastogi and Mehrotra, 1999; Nordin et al., 2015; Rastogi and Mehrotra, 2001; Rastogi and Mehrotra, 2004; Ruan et al., 2007; Sah et al., 2006; Sardari et al., 1999; Seo et al., 2013; Shah et al., 1997; Shan et al., 2014; Sharma et al., 2001; Sheng et al. 2004; Shirwaikar et al., 2010; Siddapa et al., 1956; Siddapa et al., 1957; Siva et al., 2015; Somani et al., 2015; Song et al., 2013; Song et al., 2015; Srinivasan and Sarada, 2012; Sun et al., 2016; Teschke et al., 2014; Tewari and Bhakuni, 2010; Wang et al., 2014; Won et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2007a, Wu et al., 2007b; Wu et al., 2008; Xiao et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2012; Yadava and Verma, 2003; Yadava and Verma, 2005; Yang et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2009; Yin et al., 2004; Yu et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2005a)
		Bakuchicin (154)ⁿ
		Bakuchiol (155)^p
		Bakuflavonone (156)^m
		Bakuisoflavone (157)^o
		Bavachalcone (158)^g
		Bavachin/Corlifolin (159)^m
		Bavachinin (160)^m
		Bavachinone A (161)^m
		Bavachinone B (162)^m
		Bavachromanol (163)^g
		Bavachromene (164)^g
		Bavacoumestan A (165)^h
		Bavacoumestan B (166)^h
		Bavacoumestan C (167)^h
		Bavadin (168)^m
		Bavarigenin (169)^m
		Biochanin A (170)^m
		Bisbakuchiols A (171)^p
		Bisbakuchiols B (172)^p
		Brosimacutin G (173)^m
		Broussochalcone B (174)^g
		Chalcone (175)^g
		Chromenoflavanone (176)^m
		Coryaurone A (177)^j
		Coryfolia D (178)^m
		Corylidin (179)ⁱ
		Corylifol A (Corylinin) (180)^m
		Corylifol B (181)^g
		Corylifol C (182)^m
		Corylifol D (183)^o
		Corylifol E (184)^o
		Corylifolin (185)^m
		Corylifonol (186)^e
		Corylin (187)^m
		Corylinal (188)^o
		Coumestan (189)^o
		Coumesterol (190)ⁱ
		Cyclobakuchiol C (191)^p
		Daucosterol (192)^t
		Dehydroisopsoralidin (193)^h
		Delta(10)-12,13-dihydro-12-(R)-
		methoxyisobakuchiol (194)^p
		Delta(10)-12,13-dihydro-12-(S)-
		methoxyisobakuchiol (195)^p
		Diadzein (196)^o
		Diadzin (21)^o
		Erythrinin A (197)^m
		Genistein (198)^o
		Geranylacetate (199)^p
		Hydroquinone (200)^r
		Hydroxypsoralenol A (201)^o
		Hydroxypsoralenol B (202)^o
		Isobavachalcone (corylifolinin) (203)^g
		Isobavachin (204)^m
		Isocorylifonol (205)^e
		Isoneobavachalcone (206)^g
		Isoneobavaisoflavone (207)^m
		Isopsoralenoside (208)^e
		Isopsoralidin (209)ⁿ
		Isowighteone (210)^m
		Neobavachalcone (211)^g
	Neobavaisoflavone (212)^o
	Neocorylin (213)^m
Neopsoralen (214)^h
p-Hydroxybenzoicacid (215)^a
Protocatechualdehyde (216)^d
Psorachromene (217)^g
Psoracorylifol A (218)^p
Psoracorylifol B (219)^p
Psoracorylifol C (220)^p
Psoracorylifol D (221)^p
Psoracorylifol E (222)^p
Psoracorylifol F (223)^p
Psoracoumestan (224)^h
Psoralen (92)ⁿ
Psoralenol (225)^o
Psoralenoside (226)^e
Psoralester (227)^k
Psoralidin (228)ⁿ
Psoralidin-2',3'-oxide (229)ⁱ
Pyranocoumarin (230)^h
Sophoracoumestan A (231)^o
Stigmasterol (232)^t
Terpinen-4-ol (97)^u
Triacontane (233)^c
Trilaurin (234)^l
Wighteone (235)^m
Xanthoangelol (236)^m
α-Elemene (237)^u
β-Caryophyllene (126)^u
β-Caryophyllenoxide (238)^u
β-D-Glucosyl-cis-O-hydroxycinnamicacid (239)^a
β-Sitosterol-D-glucoside (240)^t
γ-elemene (241)^u
(12^'S)-Bisbakuchiol C (242)^p
1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenyl) phenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl-2-propen-1-one (Psorachalcone A) (243)^m
12,13-Dihydro-12,13-epoxybakuchiol) (244)^p
12,13-Diolbakuchiol (245)^p
12,13-Dihydro-12,13-dihydroxybakuchiol C (246)^p
12,13-Dihydro-13-hydroxybakuchiol (247)^p
12,13-Epoxybakuchiol (248)^p
12-Oxoisobakuchiol (249)^p
13-Ethoxyisobakuchiol (250)^p
12-Hydroxyisobakuchiol / 3-Hydroxy-∆¹-bakuchiol (251)^p
13-Hydroxyisobakuchiol / 2-Hydroxy-∆³-bakuchiol (252)^p
13-Methoxyisobakuchiol (253)^p
15-Demetyl-12,13-dihydro-13-ketobakuchiol (254)^p
3,5,3^',4^'-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone-3^'-O-α-L-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (255)^m
3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (256)^d
4,2^'-Dihydroxy-4^'-methoxy-5^'-(3^''',3^'''-dimethyl allyl)-chalkone (257)^m
4-Hydroxylonchocarpin (Isobavachromene) (258)^m
4,2^'-dihydroxy-2^''-(1^'''-methylethyl)-2^''-3^''-dihydro-(4^'',5^'',3^',4^') furanochalkone (259)^m
4-O-Methylbavachalcone (260)^g
6-(-3-Methylbut-2-enyl)-6^'-7-dihydroxycoumestan (261)^m
6-Prenylnaringenin (262)^m
7,2^',4^'-Trihydroxy-3-arylcoumarin (263)^h
7-Methoxybavachin (264)^m
7-O-Isoprenylcorylifol A (265)^m
7-O-Methylbavachin(266)^m
7-O-Methylcorylifol A (267)^m
8-Methoxypsoralen (268)ⁿ
8-Oxo-8H-furo [2, 3-f][l]benzopyran (269)^f
8-Prenyldaidzin (270)^m
Psoralea esculentaPursh	Root	Diadzin (21)^o	(Christensen et al., 2008; Kaye and Moodie, 1978; Perara, Reese, 2002; Stahnke et al., 2008)
[synonym: Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.]		Genistein (198)^o
		Genistein (198)^o
Psoralea plicataDelile	Leaf, Flower, Seed	Angelicin (Isopsoralen) (2)ⁿ	(Arfaoui et al., 2013, Cheikh et al., 2015; El-Abgy et al., 2012; Hamed et al., 1997, Hamed et al., 1999; Khatune et al., 2004; Menon et al., 1999; Rasool et al., 1990, Rasool et al., 1991; Youssef et al., 2013)
[accepted name: Cullen plicatum (Delile) C.H.Stirt.]		Bakuchicin (154)ⁿ
		Corylifonol (186)^e
		Coumestan (189)^o
		Diadzin (21)^o
		(E)-Werneriachromene (29)ⁿ
		Isocorylifonol (205)^e
		Isopsoralicacid (271)^h
		Isopsoralicacid-O-glucopyranosyl (272)^w
		Isovitexin (273)^m
		Lupeol (274)^u
		p-Dimethyl coumaric acid (275)^a
		Plicadin (276)ⁱ
		Plicatin A (277)^q
		Plicatin B (91)^q
		Psoracinol (278)^p
		Psoralen (92)ⁿ
		Psoralic acid (279)^h
		Roseoside A (280)^w
		Stigmasterol (232)^t
		(Z)-Werneriachromene (281)ⁿ
		α-Diplicatin-B (282)^q
		α-Tocopherol (283)^t
		β-Caryophyllene (126)^u
		β-Caryophyllenoxide (238)^u
		β-Duplicatin-B (284)^q
		3-(-3-Methyl-2,3-epoxybutyl)-p-coumaric acid methyl ester (285)^q
Psoralea glandulosaL.	Resinous exudate, young shoots, leaves	Angelicin (2)ⁿ	(Backhouse et al., 2001, Labbe et al., 1996, Li et al., 2016, Madrid et al., 2012, Madrid et al., 2013, Madrid Villegas et al., 2015a, Madrid et al., 2015b)
		Angelicin (2)ⁿ
		Bakuchiol (155)^p
		Bakuchiol acetate (286)^p
		Bakuchiol methyl ether (287)^p
		Cyclobakuchiol A (288)^p
		Cyclobakuchiol B (289)^p
		Drupanin(24)^h
		Drupanin methyl ester (290)^h
		Psoralen (92)ⁿ
		3-Hydroxybakuchiol (291)^p
		12,13-Dihydro-12,13-epoxybakuchiol (244)^p
		12-Hydroxyisobakuchiol (251)^p
		13-Hydroxyisobakuchiol (252)^p