Table 2.

In vivo studies in the pharmacological evaluation of Pelargonium sidoides DC.

Biological activity	Extract/formulation	Experimental organism	Test organism	Administration	Dose range	Active concentration	Response	Control	Reference
Antiviral activity	EPs® 7630	Female BALB/c mice	A/Puerto Rico/8/34H1N1 virus	Inhalation	5 mg/kg	5 mg/kg	Increased survival of virus-infected mice	Mice treated with vehicle	Theisen and Muller (2012)
Anticoagulant activity	EPs® 7630	Male Sprague–Dawley rats	N/A	Oral	10, 75, 500 mg/kg	500 mg/kg p.o.	No effect on blood coagulation	Warfarin (0.05 mg/kg p.o.)	Koch and Biber (2007)
Central nervous system activity	Epigallo- and gallocatechin based oligomers of EPs® 7630	Male NMRI mice	N/A	–	200 mg/kg	200 mg/kg	None to moderate effect on behavioural activity	Mice treated with vehicle	Schötz and Nöldner (2007)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced sickness behaviour	EPs® 7630	Male NMRI-mice	N/A	Oral	100, 200, 400 mg/kg	400 mg/kg	Complete counteraction of LPS-induced sickness-behaviour	Mice treated with vehicle	Nöldner and Schötz (2007)

EMCV=encephalomyocarditis virus; LPS=lipopolysaccarides; N/A=not applicable; NO=nitric oxide; Warfarin=3-(a-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxy-coumarin.