Fig. 1.

An 81-year-old woman with smear-positive, active PTB presenting with hemoptysis and pleural effusion. The score of this case is 3. (A) Axial HRCT shows clusters of nodules (black arrowhead) with spiculated margins, peribroncho-arterial distribution in the right upper lobe, and pleural effusion (black arrow). (B) Four months later, axial HRCT shows regression of clusters of nodules (black arrowhead) after tuberculosis treatment. (C) Eight months later, axial HRCT shows residual nodules (black arrowhead). (D) Histologic specimen (biopsies of the right upper lobe via video-assisted thoracoscopy, H&E stain, 40×) photomicrograph shows more concentrated granulomas at the center of the nodule clusters and granulomatous inflammation with peribroncho-arterial distribution (C, white arrow) and a small granulomata (C, white arrowhead) at the periphery of the large nodules. (E) Histologic specimen (biopsies of the right upper lobe via video-assisted thoracoscopy, H&E stain, 40×) photomicrograph shows large tuberculous nodules (C, white arrow) produced by numerous small nodules and a small granulomata (C, white arrowhead) at the periphery of the large nodules. Peripheral low attenuation spots on HRCT correspond to spaces between partially coalescent small nodules (C = clusters of nodules; B = bronchus; A = artery).