Table 2.
Final multivariable models for adequate level of personal protective equipment (PPE) usea based on a survey of Australian veterinarians in 2011.
| Variables and categories | Final model excluding potential confounders |
Model including the confounder ‘Primary type of veterinary work’ |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Likelihood of zoonosis exposure from animals and proceduresb | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Low likelihood of exposure | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Medium likelihood of exposure | 3.70 | 1.64, 8.60 | 2.94 | 1.31, 6.76 | ||
| High likelihood of exposure | 5.86 | 2.58, 13.73 | 5.08 | 2.25, 11.76 | ||
| Liability issues and risks encourage PPE use | 0.005 | 0.010 | ||||
| A little or not at all | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderately | 2.41 | 1.38, 4.23 | 2.19 | 1.26, 3.84 | ||
| Very or extremely | 1.29 | 0.76, 2.19 | 1.17 | 0.69, 2.01 | ||
| PPE use is consciously considered for every case | ||||||
| Disagree or strongly disagree | 1.00 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.002 | ||
| Neutral | 2.09 | 1.27, 3.48 | 1.87 | 1.13, 3.13 | ||
| Agree or strongly agree | 2.49 | 1.36, 4.59 | 2.70 | 1.46, 5.04 | ||
| Hope for the best when trying to avoid zoonotic diseases | 0.004 | <0.001 | ||||
| Disagree or strongly disagree | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Neutral | 0.70 | 0.41, 1.21 | 0.65 | 0.37, 1.12 | ||
| Agree or strongly agree | 0.40 | 0.23, 0.69 | 0.34 | 0.20, 0.59 | ||
| Postgraduate education level | 0.036 | 0.012 | ||||
| No post graduate education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Graduate certificate or Diploma | 1.16 | 0.65, 2.09 | 1.21 | 0.67, 2.18 | ||
| Masters degree, ANZCVSc membership or PhD | 1.96 | 1.17, 3.28 | 2.21 | 1.31, 3.73 | ||
| Awareness of industry guidelines or Standard Operating Procedures | 0.033 | |||||
| No | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 1.65 | 1.04, 2.64 | – | – | – | |
| Veterinary environment | 0.001 | |||||
| Private practice | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||
| Non private practiced | 2.70 | 1.49, 4.93 | – | – | – | |
| Primary type of veterinary work | ||||||
| Small animal practicee | – | – | – | 1.00 | 0.029 | |
| Large animal practice | – | – | – | 3.17 | 1.30, 7.92 | |
| Mixed animal practice | – | – | – | 1.53 | 0.93, 2.52 | |
| Equine practice | – | – | – | 2.23 | 0.66, 7.87 | |
a
Respondents were classified into four ordered groups based on the proportion of situations for which they used adequate PPE: <25%; 25 to <50%; 50 to <75%; and ≥75%.
b
Variable created by combining information from all questions about veterinarians’ likelihood of exposure to zoonoses from various species and procedures.
c
Australia and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists.
d
Includes referral clinic, laboratory, government organizations and research institutions.
e
Includes practice of companion animals/exotic pets/wildlife/zoo animals.