Table 4.

A typology of Asia-Pacific urban service centres

I (Services classification and hierarchy)	II (Representative cities)
First-order global cities: primate Asia-Pacific financial and corporate centres	Tokyo, Los Angeles
Second-order global cities: major Asia-Pacific financial and business centres	Hong Kong, Singapore, Seoul, Osaka, San Francisco, Sydney
Second/third-order global cities: important Asia-Pacific business and industrial centres	Nagoya, Kobe, Taipeia Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpurb
Third/fourth-order global cities: advanced, highly tertiarized medium-size cities	Seattle, Melbourne, Yokohamac Vancouver, Portland, San Diego, Honolulu, Kyoto, Fukuoka, Brisbane, Adelaide, Aucklandd
South-east Asian mega-urban regions: services and developmental dualism	Jakarta, Manila, Ho Chi Minh City
Important Asia-Pacific port/industrial cities	Pusan, Kaohsiung, Dalien, Vladivostok, Kitakyushyu, Tsingtao, Surabaya, Haiphong,Oakland, Long Beach, Tacoma
Specialized Asia-Pacific travel/tourism centres	Sapporo, Macao, Gold Coast, Denpasar, Santa Barbara, Kona, Victoria, Whistler

^a‘Advanced’ business-industrial city-regions.

^b‘Transitional’ business-industrial city-regions.

^cHighly tertiarized, medium-size cities with substantial manufacturing sectors.

^dHighly tertiarized, medium-size cities with limited industrial production sectors.