Table 6.
Basic approaches to metropolitan tertiary sectory growth and development
| Policy field/programme area | I (Development approach) | II (Growth management approach) |
|---|---|---|
| Land use | Provision of an adequate inventory of land resources for commercial development and associated activities | Restrictions on central city land resources available for commercial development; rezone commercial districts to residential or public uses |
| Development control | Adoption of a relatively ‘permissive’ or market-oriented approach to development control for tertiary sector buildings and infrastructure (e.g. offices, hotels) | Adoption of a relatively restrictive approach to development control (may include, for example, development moratoria, quantitative thresholds or development ‘maxima’, phased zoning or periodic quotas, ‘downzoning’ of densities) |
| Strategic planning | Promotion of polycentric metropolitan structure, including both the fostering of the corporate complex within the CBD and other central city service activities, as well as suburbs secondary business and service centres in the suburbs | Active promotion of metropolitan multi-nucleation, with the emphasis upon designated suburban or regional town centres, in support of planning objectives (mitigating commuting pressures, promoting community self-containment) |
| Infrastructure and systems | Investment in port and airport infrastructure, telecommunications infrastructure and systems, upgrading of tourism and convention. infrastructure | Adoption of ‘capacity constraints’ as an instrument of growth management; calibrate expansion of urban infrastructure for essentially local, community needs |
| Fiscal policies | Liberalization/de-regulation of fiscal frame-work; possible use of fiscal incentives to attract firms | Imposition of special development levies on commercial development, especially in the central city |
| Employment/labour | Investment in specialized ‘human capital’ for tertiary sector industries and occupations | Promotion of a better spatial balance between employment generation and housing growth a principal policy goal |
| Information services | Support for active marketing of tertiary services in domestic and international markets | Promote or market secondary centers in the suburbs (e.g. by publicizing CBD/ suburban rent differentials) |
| Government liaison/ ‘Partnerships’ | Lobbying of central/middle tier governments to promote tertiary industry development; including for changes in government policy/regulatory environments (e.g. in the sphere of finance and banking, air bilaterals) | Support for government decentralization policies involving public and private sector tertiary employment |
Source: after Hutton (1989).