Table 1.
Transfusion-associated adverse events.
| I. Infectious agents | |
|---|---|
| Transfusion-transmitted disease routinely tested | Estimated risk per unit |
| Hepatitis B virus (HBV; 1970 [surface antigen]; 1986–1987 | |
| [core antibody]); 2009 [nucleic acid] | 1:1,000,000 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; 1985 [antibody]; | |
| 200 [nucleic acid]) | 1:2,000,000 |
| Hepatitis C virus (HCV; 1986–1987 [alanine aminotransferase]; | |
| 1990 [antibody]; 1999 [nucleic acid]) | 1:2,000,000 |
| Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV; 1988 [antibody]) | Very rare |
| West Nile virus (WNV; 2003 [nucleic acid]) | Very rare |
| Bacteria (in platelets only; 2004) | 1:20,000 |
| Trypanosomacruzi (2007 [antibody]) | Very rare |
| Syphilis | Very rare |
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (for patients at risk) | Rare |
| Transfusion-transmitted disease not routinely tested | Very rare |
| Hepatitis A virus (HAV) | |
| Parvovirus B19 | |
| Dengue fever virus (DFV) | |
| Malaria | |
| Hepatitis E | |
| Babesia sp | |
| Plasmodium sp | |
| Leishmania sp | |
| Brucella sp | |
| New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) prions | |
| Unknown Pathogens | |
| II. Transfusion-associated adverse reactions events | |
| ABO incompatible blood transfusions | 1 in 60,000 |
| Symptoms | 40% |
| Fatalities | 1 in 600,000 |
| Delayed serologic reactions | 1 in 1600 |
| Delayed hemolytic reactions | 1 in 6700 |
| Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) | 1 in 20,000 |
| Graft-versus-host disease | Very rare |
| Post-transfusion purpura | Very rare |
| Febrile, nonhemolytic transfusion | |
| reactions | |
| Red blood cells | 1 in 200 |
| Platelets | 1 in 5–20 |
| Allergic reactions | 1 in 30–100 |
| Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) | 1 in 12 |
| Anaphylactic reactions (IgA deficiency) | 1 in 150,000 |
| Iron overload | Estimated 80–100 U for adults |
| Transfusion-related immunosuppression (TRIM) | Unestablished |
| Storage Lesions | Unestablished |
| Modified From Goodnough LT. Lancet 2013;391:1791–2. | |