Table 2.
Most cited articles in critical care medicine by subject
| Overall Citation Rank |
|---|
| A. Sepsis/systemic inflammatory response syndrome (no. of times cited) |
| 1. (#6) Tracey, KJ et al. Anti-cachectin TNF monoclonal-antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteremia. Nature 1987. (1983) |
| 2. (#7) Bone, RC et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Chest 1992. (1838) |
| 3. (#8) Bernard, GR et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2001. (1827) |
| 4. (#10) Bone, RC et al. American-College of Chest Physicians Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference—definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1992. (1724) |
| 5. (#12) Van den Berghe, G et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001. (1608) |
| 6. (#19) Ziegler, EJ et al. Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1a human monoclonal-antibody against endotoxin—a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1991. (1072) |
| 7. (#22) Angus, DC et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001. (1016) |
| 8. (#25) Bone, RC. The pathogenesis of sepsis. Ann Intern Med 1991. (982) |
| 9. (#28) Waage, A et al. The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock—association between interleukin-6, interleukin-1, and fatal outcome. J Exp Med 1989. (892) |
| 10. (#31) Wichterman, KA et al. Sepsis and septic shock—a review of laboratory models and a proposal. J Surg Res 1980. (846) |
| 11. (#34) Bone, RC et al. A controlled clinical-trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 1987. (791) |
| 12. (#37) Parrillo, JE. Mechanisms of disease—pathogenetic mechanisms of septic shock. N Engl J Med 1993. (756) |
| 13. (#41) Annane, D et al. Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA 2002. (712) |
| 14. (#43) Petros, A et al. Effect of nitric-oxide synthase inhibitors on hypotension in patients with septic shock. Lancet 1991. (705) |
| 15. (#52) Cannon, JG et al. Circulating interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in septic shock and experimental endotoxin fever. J Infect Dis 1990. (642) |
| 16. (#55) Casey, LC et al. Plasma cytokine and endotoxin levels correlate with survival in patients with the sepsis syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1993. (624) |
| 17. (#56) Vanzee, KJ et al. Tumor-necrosis-factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumor-necrosis-factor–alpha in vitro and in vivo. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1992. (600) |
| 18. (#59) Hack, CE et al. Increased plasma-levels of interleukin-6 in sepsis. Blood 1989. (589) |
| 19. (#62) Moore, FA et al. Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications—the results of a metaanalysis. Ann Surg 1992. (578) |
| 20. (#64) Lowenstein, CJ et al. Nitric-oxide—a physiological messenger. Ann Intern Med 1994. (574) |
| 21. (#69) Fry, DE et al. Multiple system organ failure—role of uncontrolled infection. Arch Surg 1980. (549) |
| 22. (#70) Parker, MM et al. Profound but reversible myocardial depression in patients with septic shock. Ann Intern Med 1984. (548) |
| 23. (#72) Kudsk, KA et al. Enteral versus parenteral-feeding—effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal-trauma. Ann Surg 1992. (543) |
| 24. (#75) Fisher, CJ et al. Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 1996. (540) |
| 25. (#77) Hotchkiss, RS et al. Medical progress: the pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Engl J Med 2003. (538) |
| 26. (#78) Greenman, RL et al. A controlled clinical-trial of E5 murine monoclonal IgM antibody to endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis. JAMA 1991. (536) |
| 27. (#81) Martin, GS et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med 2003. (529) |
| 28. (#83) Glauser, MP et al. Septic shock—pathogenesis. Lancet 1991. (522) |
| 29. (#89) Dellinger, RP et al. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004. (513) |
| 30. (#94) Bone, RC et al. Sepsis syndrome—a valid clinical entity. Crit Care Med 1989. (506) |
| 31. (#96) Fisher, CJ et al. Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome—results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. JAMA 1994. (499) |
| 32. (#97) Parrillo, JE et al. Septic shock in humans—advances in the understanding of pathogenesis, cardiovascular dysfunction, and therapy. Ann Intern Med 1990. (499) |
| 33. (#105) Assicot, M et al. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. Lancet 1993. (481) |
| 34. (#109) Ochoa, JB et al. Nitrogen-oxide levels in patients after trauma and during sepsis. Ann Surg 1991. (464) |
| 35. (#114) Moore, FA et al. TEN versus TPN following major abdominal-trauma–reduced septic morbidity. J Trauma 1997. (435) |
| 36. (#120) Abraham, E et al. Efficacy and safety of monoclonal-antibody to human tumor necrosis-factor–alpha in patients with sepsis syndrome—a randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical-trial. JAMA 1995. (425) |
| 37. (#121) Meakins, JL et al. Delayed-hypersensitivity—indicator of acquired failure of host defenses in sepsis and trauma. Ann Surg 1977. (425) |
| 38. (#122) Pinsky, MR et al. Serum cytokine levels in human septic shock—relation to multiple system organ failure and mortality. Chest 1993. (422) |
| 39. (#131) Danner, RL et al. Endotoxemia in human septic shock. Chest 1991. (409) |
| 40. (#132) Eickhoff, TC et al. Neonatal sepsis + other infections due to group b beta-hemolytic streptococci. N Engl J Med 1964. (408) |
| 41. (#134) Wheeler, AP et al. Treating patients with severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 1999. (405) |
| 42. (#151) Sprung, CL et al. The effects of high-dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock—a prospective, controlled-study. N Engl J Med 1984. (386) |
| 43. (#153) Damas, P et al. Cytokine serum level during severe sepsis in human il-6 as a marker of severity. Ann Surg 1992. (382) |
| 44. (#157) Askanazi, J et al. Influence of total parenteral-nutrition on fuel utilization in injury and sepsis. Ann Surg 1980. (377) |
| 45. (#162) Docke, WD et al. Monocyte deactivation in septic patients: restoration by IFN-gamma treatment. Nature Med 1997. (372) |
| 46. (#168) Petros, A et al. Effects of a nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor in humans with septic shock. Cardiovasc Res 1994. (366) |
| 47. (#173) BrunBuisson, C et al. Incidence, risk-factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults—a multicenter prospective-study in intensive-care units. JAMA 1995. (361) |
| 48. (#174) Nava, E et al. Inhibition of nitric-oxide synthesis in septic shock—how much is beneficial. Lancet 1991. (361) |
| 49. (#178) Szabo, C. The pathophysiological role of peroxynitrite in shock, inflammation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Shock 1996. (350) |
| 50. (#180) Warren, BL et al. High-dose a randomized antithrombin III in severe sepsis—a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001. (348) |
| 51. (#181) Bone, RC. Sir Isaac Newton, Sepsis, SIRS, and cars. Crit Care Med 1996. (348) |
| 52. (#182) Schumer, W. Steroids in treatment of clinical septic shock. Ann Surg 1976. (348) |
| 53. (#183) Damas, P et al. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 serum levels during severe sepsis in humans. Crit Care Med 1989. (346) |
| 54. (#185) Cohen, J et al. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature 2002. (345) |
| 55. (#187) Rush, BF et al. Endotoxemia and bacteremia during hemorrhagic-shock—the link between trauma and sepsis. Ann Surg 1988. (341) |
| 56. (#190) Fourrier, F et al. Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation—compared patterns of antithrombin-III, protein-C, and protein-S deficiencies. Chest 1992. (339) |
| 57. (#192) Munoz, C et al. Dysregulation of in vitro cytokine production by monocytes during sepsis. J Clin Invest 1991. (336) |
| B. Outcome/benchmarking/prediction model articles (no. of times cited) |
|---|
| 1. (#1) Knaus, WA et al. APACHE-II—a severity of disease classification-system. Crit Care Med 1985. (4909) |
| 2. (#4) Baker, SP et al. Injury severity score—method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma 1974. (2637) |
| 3. (#13) Legall, JR et al. A new simplified acute physiology score (SAPS-II) based on a European North-American multicenter study. JAMA 1993. (1402) |
| 4. (#14) Knaus, WA et al. The APACHE-III prognostic system—risk prediction of hospital mortality for critically ill hospitalized adults. Chest 1991. (1357) |
| 5. (#21) Knaus, WA et al. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalized-patients—the study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatments (support). JAMA 1995. (1056) |
| 6. (#26) Fine, MJ et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997. (965) |
| 7. (#33) Deitch, EA. Multiple organ failure—pathophysiology and potential future therapy. Ann Surg 1992. (793) |
| 8. (#36) Knaus, WA et al. APACHE-acute physiology and chronic health evaluation—a physiologically based classification-system. Crit Care Med 1981. (758) |
| 9. (#38) Vincent, JL et al. The SOFA (sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intens Care Med 1996. (735) |
| 10. (#40) Knaus, WA et al. An evaluation of outcome from intensive-care in major medical centers. Ann Intern Med 1986. (715) |
| 11. (#47) Legall, JR et al. A simplified acute physiology score for ICU patients. Crit Care Med 1984. (667) |
| 12. (#49) Boyd, CR et al. Evaluating trauma care—the TRISS method. J Trauma 2001. (658) |
| 13. (#58) Marshall, JC et al. Multiple organ dysfunction score—a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 1995. (592) |
| 14. (#63) Carrico, CJ et al. Multiple-organ-failure syndrome. Arch Surg 1986. (575) |
| 15. (#80) Baker, SP et al. Injury severity score—update. J Trauma 1997. (532) |
| 16. (#87) Champion, HR et al. A revision of the trauma score. J Trauma 1997. (516) |
| 17. (#98) Pollack, MM et al. Pediatric risk of mortality (prism) score. Crit Care Med 1988. (498) |
| 18. (#103) Champion, HR et al. Trauma score. Crit Care Med 1981. (486) |
| 19. (#112) Keene, AR et al. Therapeutic intervention scoring system—update 1983. Crit Care Med 1983. (444) |
| 20. (#115) Higgins, TL et al. Stratification of morbidity and mortality outcome by preoperative risk-factors in coronary-artery bypass patients—a clinical severity score. JAMA 1992. (435) |
| 21. (#149) Lemeshow, S et al. Mortality probability-models (MPM-II) based on an international cohort of intensive-care unit patients. JAMA 1993. (388) |
| 22. (#150) Champion, HR et al. The major trauma outcome study—establishing national norms for trauma care. J Trauma 1996. (386) |
| 23. (#169) Takala, J et al. Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 1999. (365) |
| 24. (#184) Vincent, JL et al. Use of the SOFA score to assess the incidence of organ dysfunction/failure in intensive care units: results of a multicenter, prospective study. Crit Care Med 1998. (346) |
| 25. (#197) Faist, E et al. Multiple organ failure in polytrauma patients. J Trauma 1995. (332) |
| 26. Moore, EE et al. Organ injury scaling—spleen, liver, and kidney. J Trauma 1995. (317) |
| 27. Cockburn, F et al. The CRIB (clinical risk index for babies) score—a tool for assessing initial neonatal risk and comparing performance of neonatal intensive-care units. Lancet 1993. (273) |
| 28. Greenspan, L et al. Abbreviated injury scale and injury severity score—a scoring chart. J Trauma 1993. (267) |
| 29. Ware, JE et al. Comparison of methods for the scoring and statistical-analysis of SF-36 health profile and summary measures—summary of results from the medical outcomes study. Med Care 1995. (259) |
| 30. Richardson, DK et al. Score for neonatal acute physiology—a physiological severity index for neonatal intensive-care. Pediatrics 1993. (252) |
| 31. Moore, EE et al. Organ injury scaling—spleen and liver [1994 revision]. J Trauma 1993. (233) |
| 32. Copes, WS et al. The injury severity score revisited. J Trauma 1988. (217) |
| 33. Pollack, MM et al. PRISM III: an updated pediatric risk of mortality score. Crit Care Med 1996. (212) |
| C. Mechanical and positive pressure ventilation/airway articles (no. of times cited) |
|---|
| 1. (#9) Brower, RG et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000. (1750) |
| 2. (#27) Amato, MBP et al. Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998. (911) |
| 3. (#42) Gregory, GA et al. Treatment of idiopathic respiratory-distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pressure. N Engl J Med 1971. (708) |
| 4. (#44) Suter, PM et al. Optimum end-expiratory airway pressure in patients with acute pulmonary failure. N Engl J Med 1975. (698) |
| 5. (#53) Dreyfuss, D et al. Ventilator-induced lung injury—lessons from experimental studies. Am J Resp Crit Care 1992. (641) |
| 6. (#65) Brochard, L et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease. N Engl J Med 1995. (561) |
| 7. (#85) Stauffer, JL et al. Complications and consequences of endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy—a prospective-study of 150 critically ill adult patients. Am J Med 1981. (517) |
| 8. (#93) Ranieri, VM et al. Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome—a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999. (508) |
| 9. (#106) Nash, G et al. Pulmonary lesions associated with oxygen therapy and artificial ventilation. N Engl J Med 1967. (478) |
| 10. (#108) Bendixen, HH et al. Impaired oxygenation in surgical patients during general anesthesia with controlled ventilation—a concept of atelectasis. N Engl J Med 1963. (465) |
| 11. (#111) Webb, HH et al. Experimental pulmonary-edema due to intermittent positive pressure ventilation with high inflation pressures. protection by positive end-expiratory pressure. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1974. (445) |
| 12. (#113) Boyd, O et al. A randomized clinical-trial of the effect of deliberate perioperative increase of oxygen delivery on mortality in high-risk surgical patients. JAMA 1993. (439) |
| 13. (#129) Muscedere, JG et al. Tidal ventilation at low airway pressures can augment lung injury. Am J Resp Crit Care 1994. (412) |
| 14. (#135) Kumar, A et al. Continuous positive-pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure—effects on hemodynamics and lung function. N Engl J Med 1970. (403) |
| 15. (#138) Hickling, KG et al. Low mortality associated with low-volume pressure limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia in severe adult respiratory-distress syndrome. Intens Care Med 1990. (402) |
| 16. (#139) Aroroa, NS et al. Respiratory muscle strength and maximal voluntary ventilation in undernourished patients. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1982. (402) |
| 17. (#142) Kolobow, T et al. Severe impairment in lung-function induced by high peak airway pressure during mechanical ventilation—an experimental-study. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1987. (398) |
| 18. (#147) Haldine, JS et al. The regulation of the lung-ventilation. J Physiol-London 1905. (390) |
| 19. (#154) Ashbaugh, DG et al. Continuous positive-pressure breathing (CPPB) in adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Thorac Cardiov Surg 1969. (382) |
| 20. (#196) Bott, J et al. Randomized controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet 1993. (333) |
| 21. Falke, KJ et al. Ventilation with end-expiratory pressure in acute lung-disease. J Clin Invest 1972. (325) |
| 22. Kramer, N et al. Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory-failure. Am J Resp Crit Care 1995. (323) |
| 23. Stewart, TE et al. Evaluation of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma in patients at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998. (322) |
| 24. Yang, KL et al. A prospective-study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 1991. (322) |
| 25. Gattinoni, L et al. Low-frequency positive-pressure ventilation with extracorporeal CO2 removal in severe acute respiratory-failure. JAMA 1986. (321) |
| D. Acute lung injury/adult respiratory distress syndrome articles (no. of times cited) |
|---|
| 1. (#11) Bernard, GR et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS—definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical-trial coordination. Am J Resp Crit Care 1994. (1627) |
| 2. (#16) Ashbaugh, DG et al. Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet 1967. (1283) |
| 3. (#17) Murray, JF et al. An expanded definition of the adult respiratory-distress syndrome. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1988. (1133) |
| 4. (#18) Rossaint, R et al. Inhaled nitric-oxide for the adult respiratory-distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1993. (1083) |
| 5. (#32) Ware, LB et al. Medical progress—the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000. (794) |
| 6. (#46) Tate, RM et al. Neutrophils and the adult respiratory-distress syndrome. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1983. (668) |
| 7. (#48) Montgomery, AB et al. Causes of mortality in patients with the adult respiratory-distress syndrome. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1985. (663) |
| 8. (#51) Brigham, KL et al. Endotoxin and lung injury. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1986. (650) |
| 9. (#57) Rinaldo, JE et al. Adult respiratory-distress syndrome—changing concepts of lung injury and repair. N Engl J Med 1982. (599) |
| 10. (#68) Weiland, JE et al. Lung neutrophils in the adult respiratory-distress syndrome—clinical and pathophysiologic significance. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1986. (551) |
| 11. (#77) Fowler, AA et al. Adult respiratory-distress syndrome—risk with common predispositions. Ann Intern Med 1983. (540) |
| 12. (#88) Hammerschmidt, DE et al. Association of complement activation and elevated plasma-C5a with adult respiratory-distress syndrome—pathophysiological relevance and possible prognostic value. Lancet 1980. (515) |
| 13. (#99) Lee, CT et al. Elastolytic activity in pulmonary lavage fluid from patients with adult respiratory-distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1981. (497) |
| 14. (#100) Bell, RC et al. Multiple organ system failure and infection in adult respiratory-distress syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1983. (495) |
| 15. (#107) Poutanen, SM et al. Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. N Engl J Med 2003. (468) |
| 16. (#116) Pepe, PE et al. Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory-distress syndrome. Am J Surg 1982. (432) |
| 17. (#128) Donnelly, SC et al. Interleukin-8 and development of adult respiratory-distress syndrome in at-risk patient groups. Lancet 1993. (413) |
| 18. (#137) Clements, JA et al. Assessment of risk of respiratory-distress syndrome by a rapid test for surfactant in amniotic-fluid. N Engl J Med 1972. (403) |
| 19. (#140) Suter, PM et al. High bronchoalveolar levels of tumor-necrosis-factor and its inhibitors, interleukin-1, interferon, and elastase, in patients with adult respiratory-distress syndrome after trauma, shock, or sepsis. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1992. (402) |
| 20. (#144) Petty, TL et al. Adult respiratory distress syndrome—clinical features, factors influencing prognosis and principles of management. Chest 1971. (393) |
| 21. (#146) Gregory, TJ et al. Surfactant chemical-composition and biophysical activity in acute respiratory-distress syndrome. J Clin Invest 1991. (392) |
| 22. (#165) Milberg, JA et al. Improved survival of patients with acute respiratory-distress-syndrome (ARDS)—1983-1993. JAMA 1995. (370) |
| 23. (#170) Bernard, GR et al. High-dose corticosteroids in patients with the adult respiratory-distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1987. (365) |
| 24. (#186) Lewis, JF et al. Surfactant and the adult respiratory-distress syndrome. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1993. (342) |
| 25. (#191) Danek, SJ et al. The dependence of oxygen-uptake on oxygen delivery in the adult respiratory-distress syndrome. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1980. (337) |
| 26. Weaver, TE et al. Function and regulation of expression of pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins. Arch Surg 1991. (336) |
| E. Infection disease articles (nonsepsis) (no. of times cited) |
|---|
| 1. (#5) Garner, JS et al. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 1988. (2356) |
| 2. (#23) Vincent, JL et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive-care units in Europe—results of the European prevalence of infection in intensive-care (EPIC) study. JAMA 1995. (993) |
| 3. (#35) Neiderman, MS et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia—diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Resp Crit Care 2001. (772) |
| 4. (#50) Niedermann, MS et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia—diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1993. (655) |
| 5. (#61) Fagon, JY et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients—a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. Am J Med 1993. (580) |
| 6. (#73) Edmond MB et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis 1999. (542) |
| 7. (#79) Pittet, D et al. Nosocomial blood-stream infection in critically ill patients—excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA 1994. (535) |
| 8. (#82) McFarland, LV et al. Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 1989. (524) |
| 9. (#90) Driks, MR et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients given sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type-2 blockers—the role of gastric colonization. N Engl J Med 1987. (511) |
| 10. (#92) Craven, DE et al. Risk-factors for pneumonia and fatality in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1986. (510) |
| 11. (#102) Fagon, JY et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation—prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1989. (489) |
| 12. (#104) Torres, A et al. Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Amer Rev Resp Dis 1990. (483) |
| 13. (#110) Richards, MJ et al. Nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States. Crit Care Med 1999. (446) |
| 14. (#117) Evans, RS et al. A computer-assisted management program for antibiotics and other antiinfective agents. N Engl J Med 1998. (430) |
| 15. (#124) BergogneBerezin, E et al. Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996. (415) |
| 16. (#125) Kollef, MH et al. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections—a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest 1999. (415) |
| 17. (#126) Bradford, PA et al. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001. (413) |
| 18. (#130) Goldmann, DA et al. Strategies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in hospitals—a challenge to hospital leadership. JAMA 1996. (412) |
| 19. (#141) Celis, R et al. Nosocomial pneumonia—a multivariate-analysis of risk and prognosis. Chest 1988. (399) |
| 20. (#155) Mulligan, ME et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—a consensus review of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology with implications for prevention and management. Am J Med 1993. (381) |
| 21. (#158) Curry, CR et al. Fungal septicemia in patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation. N Engl J Med 1971. (376) |
| 22. (#164) Stoutenbeek, CP et al. The effect of selective decontamination of the digestive-tract on colonization and infection-rate in multiple trauma patients. Intens Care Med 1984. (370) |
| 23. (#175) Cosgrove, SE et al. Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2003. (359) |
| 24. (#177) Chastre, J et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Resp Crit Care 2002. (355) |
| 25. (#188) Ibrahim, EH et al. The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 2000. (341) |
| 26. (#189) Becksague, C et al. Hospital outbreak of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections—factors in transmission to staff and HIV-infected patients. JAMA 1992. (341) |
| 27. Gerberding, J et al. National nosocomial infections surveillance (NNIS) system report, data summary from January 1990-May 1999, issued June 1999. Am J Infect Control 1999. (327) |
| 28. Luna, CM et al. Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 1997. (327) |
| 29. Andrew, CP et al. Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in acute, diffuse lung injury. Chest 1981. (326) |
| 30. Kollef, MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia—a multivariate-analysis. JAMA 1993. (325) |
| 31. Cardo, D et al. National nosocomial infections surveillance (NNIS) system report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004. (324) |
| 32. Maki, DG et al. Prevention of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection by use of an antiseptic-impregnated catheter—a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1997. (323) |
| 33. Livornese, LL et al. Hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium transmitted by electronic thermometers. Ann Intern Med 1992. (319) |
| 34. Darouiche, RO et al. A comparison of two antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters. N Engl J Med 1999. (312) |
| 35. Maki, DG et al. Prospective randomized trial of povidone-iodine, alcohol, and chlorhexidine for prevention of infection associated with central venous and arterial catheters. Lancet 1991. (309) |
| 36. Mermel, LA. Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Ann Intern Med 2000. (267) |
| 37. Raad, I et al. Central venous catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin for the prevention of catheter-related colonization and bloodstream infections—a randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Intern Med 1997. (255) |
| 38. Pearson, ML. Guideline for prevention of intravascular-device–related infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996. (225) |
| 39. Cobb, DK et al. A controlled trial of scheduled replacement of central venous and pulmonary-artery catheters. N Engl J Med 1992. (179) |
| F. Hemodynamic monitoring/oxygen delivery articles (no. of times cited) |
|---|
| 1. (#15) Swan, HJC et al. Catheterization of heart in man with use of flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. N Engl J Med 1970. (1297) |
| 2. (#20) Rivers, E et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001. (1058) |
| 3. (#29) Connors, AF et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 1996. (890) |
| 4. (#66) Wei, K et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow with ultrasound-induced destruction of microbubbles administered as a constant venous infusion. Circulation 1998. (561) |
| 5. (#84) Hayes, MA et al. Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1994. (522) |
| 6. (#86) Gutierrez, G et al. Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Lancet 1992. (516) |
| 7. (#101) Gattinoni, L et al. A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1995. (489) |
| 8. (#159) Bihari, D et al. The effects of vasodilation with prostacyclin on oxygen delivery and uptake in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1987. (375) |
| 9. Maynard, N et al. Assessment of splanchnic oxygenation by gastric tonometry in patients with acute circulatory failure. JAMA 1993. (259) |
| 10. Sandham, JD et al. A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients? N Engl J Med 2003. (247) |
| 11. Bernstein, DP. A new stroke volume equation for thoracic electrical bioimpedance—theory and rationale. Crit Care Med 1986. (223) |
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| I. Acute kidney injury articles (no. of times cited) |
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| K. Resuscitation and fluid therapy articles (no. of times cited) |
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| L. Transfusion medicine/hematology/bleeding articles (no. of times cited) |
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Article's rankings listed by subgroup then by its position within the overall top 200 citations.