Fig. 5.

Apoptosis of PEDV-infected Vero cells determined by flow cytometry after pretreatment with L. acidophilus S-layer protein. The cell distribution was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC and PI uptake. (A) Apoptosis of Vero cells was observed at 48 h after infection with PEDV. The numbers indicate the percentages of cells present in the sums of the B2 and B4 areas. (B) Time courses of apoptosis in Vero cells after PEDV infection with S-layer protein. The data shown are the means ± SEM of three independent experiments on three consecutive cell passages. The control cells received no treatment.